來源:中考網(wǎng) 作者:紫涵 2012-11-07 15:55:36
被動語態(tài)用法:
1)當我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰,或者沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時,需用被動語態(tài)。
2)當我們需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時,常用被動語態(tài)。
3)如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者。
主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。
主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時有以下幾種情況:
1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語
將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。
。ㄖ鲃樱¦e bought a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
將主動語態(tài)中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時,間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。
。ㄖ鲃樱〩e showed me a book yesterday.
。ū粍樱㊣ was showed a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主語+謂語動詞+復(fù)合賓語
含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,賓語補足語保留不變,成為主語補足語。
。ㄖ鲃樱㊣ found him a good pupil. (賓語補足語)
(被動)He was found a good pupil. (主語補足語)
4)短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)
有些短語動詞相當于一個及物動詞,其后可以接賓語,因此它們也有被動語態(tài),但短語動詞是不可分割的整體,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。
。ㄖ鲃樱¦e should look after the patients very well.
。ū粍樱㏕he patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)賓語從句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)
若主動語態(tài)中是賓語從句,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放在后面。
It’s said that he passed the exam.
被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個特殊問題:
。1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,仍然要帶上介詞。
(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
。ū粍樱㏕he teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
。2)當動詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時,并且賓補是省去“to”的動詞不定式時,在被動語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。
。ㄖ鲃樱㏕hey make do all the work.
(被動)We were made to do all the work.
。ㄖ鲃樱¦e often hear her sing English songs.
。ū粍樱㏒he is often heard to sing English songs.
。ㄖ鲃樱㊣ see him walk to school.
。ū粍樱〩e is seen to walk to school.
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