過去現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
定義
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(Past continuous tense 或 Past Progressive tense)，表示過去在某一時(shí)間段或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
在英語時(shí)態(tài)中，“時(shí)“指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，”態(tài)“指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。
結(jié)構(gòu)
was/were+v-ing形式
當(dāng)主語為單數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞用was，其余情況下都用were.(v-ing形式為“動(dòng)詞的ing形式”的簡(jiǎn)寫形式。)
標(biāo)志詞
與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常搭配的時(shí)間狀語：
at the time “在那時(shí)”
at this time yesterday “在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候”
at 9:00 yesterday morning“在昨天早上的9點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)”等等。
I was doing my homework at that time.
那時(shí)我正在家做我的家庭作業(yè)。
(I屬于第一人稱單數(shù)形式，所以be動(dòng)詞選擇was，was為is的一般過去時(shí)。Was+doing構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。do one's homework為固定搭配“做某人的家庭作業(yè)”。at that time)為固定的過去的時(shí)間狀語“在那時(shí)”，常與過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子連用。)
基本句式
1. 肯定句：主語+was/were+v-ing形式+其他成分。
We were playing the piano at eight last night.
昨晚8點(diǎn)鐘我們正在彈鋼琴。
(we為復(fù)數(shù)的第一人稱，所以be動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的are，were為are的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。Were+playing構(gòu)成句子的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，句子中具體的過去時(shí)間狀語是at eight last night“昨晚8點(diǎn)鐘”，提醒大家，此句子的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。冉老師還要提醒大家，play the piano”彈鋼琴”與play basketball”打籃球”。樂器有the，運(yùn)動(dòng)類無the.)
2. 否定句：主語+wasn't/weren't+v-ing形式+其他成分。
We weren't playing the piano at eight last night.
昨晚八點(diǎn)我們沒有在彈鋼琴。
(weren't=were+not,是兩個(gè)單詞的縮略形式。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定形式和大部分否定一樣，把not放在動(dòng)詞之后，此句的動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞，所以not的位置就在be動(dòng)詞之后。)
3. 一般疑問句：Was/were+主語+v-ing形式+其他成分?
Were you playing the piano at eight last night?
你們昨晚8點(diǎn)鐘在彈鋼琴嗎?
(類似于含有be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句一樣，首先要把be動(dòng)詞提前，然后按照原句，變換句中的人稱代詞。此句子中，在陳述句中的 we“我們”，疑問句中就要變成you“你們”，注意，句末的句號(hào)也要變成問號(hào)。)
一般疑問句的回答
肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were.
否定回答：No,主語+was't/weren't.
Were you playing the piano at eight last night?
肯定回答-Yes, we were.
是的，我們?cè)趶椾撉佟?/p>
否定回答-No,we weren't.
不，我們沒有在彈鋼琴。
4. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語+v-ing形式+其它?
—What was he doing at this time yesterday?
—He was reading books.
用法
一、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
常用的時(shí)間狀語：this morning , the whole morning , all day yesterday , from nine to ten last evening , when , while
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?/p>
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來，受傷了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他們離開車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽光燦爛。
二、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么? (介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
三、 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報(bào)。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
四、 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want , wish等。
誤：I was knowing the answer.
正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
誤：I wasn't understanding him.
正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
典型例題：
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案：C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
答案：B. 句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
when 與 while 的區(qū)別
when后即可以加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可以加時(shí)間段，while 只能加時(shí)間段。
when引導(dǎo)的句子即可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是短暫動(dòng)詞，while 后只能加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
when 引導(dǎo)的句子即可以是一般時(shí)態(tài)，也可以是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，while 后通常加進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
主從句都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while 引導(dǎo)狀語從句。即“…be doing sth. while …be doing sth.”
Lily was singing while Lucy was dancing.
反而時(shí)間狀語從句
結(jié)構(gòu)為“be doing sth. when …”譯為“正在做某事時(shí)突然…”,此句型不再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)主句，反而強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語從句所表達(dá)的意思，因而叫做反而時(shí)間狀語從句。
I was taking a walk in the park when it began to rain.
我正在散步的時(shí)候突然下雨了。
while 還可表示“然而”，起轉(zhuǎn)折作用。
I like pop music while my brother likes folk music.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
一、 時(shí)間狀語不同
一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語主要有：
yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening), last night (week, month, year), ago, the day before yesterday, in 2003, just now, long long ago, one day等;
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：at this / that time yesterday, the whole evening, all day yesterday等。
試比較：
He introduced Tom to us just now.
剛才他向我們介紹了湯姆。
She was doing some washing all day yesterday.
昨天她洗了一整天的衣服。
二、 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的角度不同
一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生或狀態(tài)的存在; 而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的延續(xù)性。
試比較：
I got up at five the day before yesterday.
前天我是五點(diǎn)起床的。
He was painting the lab the whole day yesterday.
昨天他一整天都在粉刷實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
三、 動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)不同
1. 行為動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中均可使用。
例如：
We planted trees two days ago.
兩天前我們植樹了。
We were planting trees this time last Friday.
上周五這時(shí)候我們?cè)谥矘洹?/p>
2. 有些動(dòng)詞只用于一般過去時(shí)，而不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如：
1) 表示感觀的動(dòng)詞：feel, hear, know, see, smell, taste 等。
2) 表示狀態(tài)、感情的動(dòng)詞：be, dislike, have, hate, love, like, want, wish等。
3) 表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：forget, realize, recognize, remember, understand等。
4) 表示所屬關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞：own, belong 等。
3. 一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性的也可是終止性的;過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。
例如：
Li Jian joined the army in 1998.
李健于1998年參軍。( join為終止性動(dòng)詞)
She was cooking at that time.
那時(shí)她在做飯。(cook為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)
四、 情感不同
一般過去時(shí)是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的客觀描述，語氣比較客觀、肯定;過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可表示埋怨、厭煩等情緒，帶有描繪性和感情色彩。
試比較：
The plane took off late this morning.
這架飛機(jī)今天早上起飛晚了。(說明客觀事實(shí))
The plane was always taking off late.
這架飛機(jī)總是起飛晚。(帶有埋怨情緒，指責(zé)某事的發(fā)生)
不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
1. 表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞
如：love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等
若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
2. 表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
如：appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem 等。
3. 表感官的動(dòng)詞
如：see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste 等。
4. 表非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞
如：accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise 等。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子20個(gè)匯總
When/While we were having supper,the light went out.
我們正在吃飯時(shí)燈熄滅了.
I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我.
While he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報(bào).
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時(shí)我在做飯
Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.
湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床.
John was always coming to school late.
約翰上學(xué)總是遲到.
Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.
雷鋒總是為人民做好事.
I was leaving for Wuhan that day.
那天我正要去武漢.
She was coming later.
她隨后就來.
My parents were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)我的父母親都在看電視.
They were swimming in the swimming pool this time last week.
上個(gè)星期的這個(gè)時(shí)候他們正在游泳池游泳.
the teacher came in,I was singing.
老師進(jìn)來時(shí)我正在唱歌.
When someone knocked at the door,we were having supper.
有人敲門時(shí),我們正在吃晚飯.
He was always ringing me up.
他老是給我打電話.
What were you doing at ten yesterday ?
昨天10點(diǎn)你在干什么?
What were you doing at 8:00 last night
昨晚8：00你在做什么?
I was watching TV.
我在看電視.
What were you doing at nine last night?
昨晚九點(diǎn)時(shí),你在做什么?
I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.
昨天下午我打電話給你,但是沒有人接電話.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)語法詳解
1 定義
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過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。
2
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
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主語+was/were +動(dòng)詞ing+其他。
①肯定形式：主語 + was/were+ 動(dòng)詞ing + 其它。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
②否定形式：主語 + was/were+ not +動(dòng)詞ing +其它。
We weren’t watching TV from seven to nine last night.
③一般疑問句形式：Was/Were + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞ing+其它?
肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主語+ was/were+not.
Were you watching TV from seven to nine last night?
④特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?
What were you doing from seven to nine last night?
3 時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞
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(1) then
(2)at that time/moment, at this time yesterday, at ten yesterday
(3) when/while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句
4 特殊用法
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1. 由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí);由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
When the teacher came in, we were talking.
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般用while引導(dǎo)
They were singing while we were dancing.
2. 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
感官動(dòng)詞：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……
表示態(tài)度感情的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate……
表心理狀態(tài)：feel,want,prefer……
表占有：own,have,……
表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù)：look,owe,be……
5 隨堂練習(xí)
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1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
A.cooked, were ringing B. was cooking, rang
C. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang
2.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
A.was watching, was hearing
B.watched, was hearing
C.watched, heard D.was watching, heard
3.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
A.were watching B.watch
C.watched D.are watching
4.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
A.helps B.would help
C.was helping D.is helping
I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.
我昨天下午大部分時(shí)間,都在一個(gè)朋友家里.
It was raining hard when I left my office.
當(dāng)我離開辦公室時(shí),雨下得正大.
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