初中英語一般將來時主要構成形式

一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作，事情或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作或事情。

1)will/shall+動詞原形 shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?

2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。

a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。

c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

Notice:be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)

5.現(xiàn)在進行時表將來時

下列動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時

go.come.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on.

she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.

6.一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。

2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

3)在時間或條件句中。例如：

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后，讓他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。

4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。

be going to和will 的區(qū)別

be going to和will 的用法雖然都表示將來發(fā)生動作或情況，一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。

(1)be going to主要用于：

1、表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做的事情。E.g.

What are you going to do today? 今天你們打算做什么?

Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。

I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。

She’s going to play the piano. 她打算彈鋼琴。

2、表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生。E.g.

Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!烏云密集，天要下雨。

I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。

(2) will主要用于在以下幾個方面：

1、表示單純的未來“將要”通用各個人稱。eg:

They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他們將去工廠參觀。

I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我將和王兵、劉濤、楊玲一起來。

2、表示不以人的意志為轉移的自然發(fā)展的未來的事。eg:

Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(將)是星期日。

He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年這個時候他就(將)三十歲。

3、問對方是否愿意做某事或表示客氣地邀請或命令。eg:

Will you please turn on the radio? 請打開收音機好嗎?

Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去動物園好嗎?

一般將來時特殊用法：

1) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。

We are to talk about the report next Saturday.

2) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

3)有些表趨向性的動詞可用想在進行時表將來：例如：go，come，arrive，fly(飛往)，reach(到達)，stay，leave，start, die...

如：I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend.

He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.

The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 這個老人要去世。

練習題

1 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?

A will B shall C do D are

2 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.

A finishes B doesn’t finish C will finish D won’t finish

3 There _____some showers this afternoon.

A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have

4 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow. She _____a party.

A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be

5 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.

A is B is going to be C will be D will to be

答案： 1 B 2A 3A 4C 5 C

(二)、 填空

1 -“I need some paper.”

- “I ____(bring)some for you.”

2____(be)you free tomorrow?

3 They _________(not leave) until you come back.

4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?

5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.

6 I _____(go) with you if I have time.

7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.

8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?

9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.

10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.

答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 won’t leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go

7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won’t take

三、 There be結構的一般將來時易出錯

例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)

A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have

答案：A

解析：There be結構的一般將來時既要符合There be結構，又要符合一般將來時。有的同學認為have當“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結構就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的.

四、 be going to結構中易丟掉to

例：I’m going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C)

A to will go B to go to C go to D to go

答案：B

解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來時，be going to +動詞原形，所以先確定用to go , 在B、 D當中選，而go to school 是固定詞組，不能因為前邊有一個to而省略，這是一個易錯點，需要注意。

另外，在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中，若主句用了將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時，前邊已經(jīng)講過,這里不在重復.

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