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來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-30 21:42:05
賓語從句的用法
1
概念引入
1. 賓語從句名言：
(1) that引導的賓語從句
Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue.
有時我們需要提醒自己，感激是真正的美德。
Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of the year.
健康使你感到現(xiàn)在是一年中最好的時光。
(2)what引導的賓語從句
If you can’t have the best, make the best of what you have.
沒有最好的，就充分利用現(xiàn)有的。
If you don’t have what you like，you must like what you have.
沒有你喜歡的東西，就喜歡你現(xiàn)有的東西。
2. 賓語從句定義：
在主從復(fù)合句子中，充當賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。 賓語可分為三類：動詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句、形容詞的賓語從句。
2
用法講解
1. 賓語從句的引導詞
在復(fù)合句子中，作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。例如：
I want to know whose book this is.
我想知道這是誰的書。
賓語從句的引導詞有三種：
1)that;2)whether/ if;3)特殊疑問詞what/ when/ where/ who等。例如：
He said that he could help me. 他說他能夠幫助我。
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
你媽媽問這個星期你能否完成工作。
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin?
你能告訴我運動會將在什么時候開始嗎?
(1) 以that引導的賓語從句：
that引導的賓語從句一般都是由陳述句充當，引導詞that沒有實際意義，不在從句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain? 你認為天會下雨嗎?
He said (that) he could come on time. 他說他會準時來的。
(2) 以whether或if引導的賓語從句：
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，變成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。whether和if意為“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.
請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜歡這個故事。
注意：
以下情況一般只用whether不用if。
1) 接帶to的動詞不定式。
She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.
她不知道是不是去動物園。
2)與or not連用時。
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
他能否準時來，我說不準。
(3) 特殊疑問詞what/ when/ where/ who等引導的賓語從句：
此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由wh-開頭的疑問詞引導。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞，這些引導詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應(yīng)的成分，不能省略。例如：
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
請問我們得走哪個門?
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.
他沒有告訴我他要在這里呆多長時間。
2. 賓語從句的語序
由whether/ if和特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時注意相應(yīng)的助動詞和動詞的變化等。
Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →
Can you tell us where your father works?
你能告訴我們你爸爸在哪里工作嗎?
Did you get home very late? He asked me. →
He asked me if I got home very late. 他問我是否到家很晚。
3. 賓語從句的時態(tài)對應(yīng)
(1) 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)實際情況用各種時態(tài)。
例如：
My teacher says he will be back in a week. (一般將來時)
我的老師說他將在一個星期后回來。
My teacher says he is watching TV. (現(xiàn)在進行時)
我的老師說他正在看電視。
My teacher says he has seen the movie. (現(xiàn)在完成時)
我的老師說他已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
(2)如果主句是一般過去時，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。
例如：
My father said he was watching TV at that time.(過去進行時)
我爸爸說在那個時候他在看電視。
My father said the he had already seen the movie. (過去完成時)
我爸爸說他已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。
注意：如果賓語從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例如：
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. (一般現(xiàn)在時)
我們的老師告訴我們太陽比地球大多了。
4. 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反意疑問句與從句一致。例如：
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they?
我認為他們不會等到最后一分鐘，他們會嗎?
I don’t believe he did this, did he?
我相信他不會做這樣的事，他會嗎?
圖片
鞏固練習
I.單項選擇。
1.—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B.when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D.when they visited
2.He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A.when will we have
B.when we will have
C.when would we have
D.when we should have
3.I want to know ________.
A.when we should arrive at the airport
B.when should we arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at
D.when the airport should we arrive at
4.—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______?
—He is a doctor.
A.Who is he B.who he is
C.what is he D.what he is
5. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
6. Do you know what _____ with Jim?
A. is wrong B. wrong is
C. wrong was D. the matter is
7.-I want to know _____.
-Why not go to the park?
A. where I can go for a picnic
B. where can I go for a picnic
C. what I can go for a picnic
D. what can I go for a picnic
8. I don’t think he is right, ______?
A. do I B. isn’t he
C. is he D. don’t I
9. The teacher didn’t say you would come, _____?
A. would you B. wouldn’t you
C. did she D. didn’t you
10. Do you know______ daughter she is?
A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
11. They wondered if the teacher ______them some English songs the next week.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
12. He asked me if I knew______.
A. whose pen was it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen is it
13. He told me ______ Paris is the capital ofFrance.
A. which B. the C. that D. what
14. He asked me ______ during the summer holiday.
A. where I had gone
B. where I had been
C. where had I gone
D. where had I been
15. I m not sure whether ______ tomorrow.
A. they will arrive
B. will they arrive
C. they arrive
D. they have arrived
[真題鏈接]
1. —Do you know _________ the meeting?
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had
B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have
D. when are they going to have
2. —Mr. Green, do you know_______?
—July 10, it will last a month.
A. when our summer camp begins
B. when does our summer camp begin
C. where our summer camp begins
D. where does our summer camp begin
3. I didn’t know ______.(
A. when would the train arrive
B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done
D. who left the message
II.根據(jù)漢語提示，用賓語從句補全下列句子。
1.我不知道為什么她如此著迷Apple iphone4s。
I don’t know _______________ Apple iphone4s.
2.我們給了她一些建議，但不知道她是否會接受。
We’ve given her some advice, but I don’t know_______________.
3.作為社會的一員，我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力做我們應(yīng)該做的。
As society members, we should try our best to do______________.
4. ——請你告訴我怎么到中山公園好嗎?
——好的。你可以坐公交車去那。
—Could you tell me____________?
—Yes, you can go there by bus.
5. ——湯姆在紐約呢還是已經(jīng)回家了?
——對不起，我不確信是否他已經(jīng)回來。
—Is Tom still in New York or already back at home?
—Sorry，I’m not sure ____________.
III. 中考真題
1. — Could you tell me _________?
— Certainly. In half an hour.
A. when will the high speed train arrive
B. when the high speed train will arrive
C. when would the high speed train arrive
D. when the high speed train would arrive
2. —Excuse me, could you tell me ______ to get to the post office?
—Certainly. The No. 15 bus.
A. which bus I should take
B. I should take which bus
C. should I take which bus
D. which bus should I take
3.I think _____ not difficult _____ English every morning.
A. that; keep reading
B.it’s; keep reading
C. that; to keep reading
D.it; to keep reading
4. Do you know _________ Zunyi or not tomorrow?
A. whether are they leaving for
B. whether they are leaving for
C. if they are leaving for
D. if are they leaving for
5. The policewoman asked the little boy ______.
A.where did he live
B.where he lived
C.where he lives
D.where does he lives
6. — Show me the map, please. I wonder ____________.
— Look, it s here, in the east ofChina, near Taiwan Province.
A. where is Diaoyu Island
B. where Diaoyu Island is
C. what is Diaoyu Island like
7. — Could you tell me_____ he came here?
—He drove here himself.
A. how B. why C. when D. whether
8. —Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom?
—Last year.
A. when you got
B. when did you get
C. when will you get
D. when you will get
參考答案
I.單項選擇。
1. B。句意：——你知道他們什么時候參觀首都博物館嗎?——下周五。本題考查賓語從句。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句語序，故排除A、C兩項;又由答句可知應(yīng)該用將來時，故排除D項。
2. D。句意：他想知道我們什么時候舉辦英語聯(lián)歡會。本題考查賓語從句的用法。當主句是一般過去時態(tài)的時候，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，而A、B兩項都是一般將來時，故被排除;賓語從句用陳述句語序，而C項是疑問語序，也被排除。
3. A。句意：我想知道我們應(yīng)該什么時候到達機場。本題考查賓語從句。動詞know后面接的是賓語從句，由賓語從句要用陳述語序可排除B和D兩項;又因為C項中the airport的位置不對，故選A。
4. D。 句意：——David，看那邊那個穿白衣服的人，你能告訴我他是干什么的嗎?——他是醫(yī)生。本題考查賓語從句。由答句可知詢問的是職業(yè)，所以用疑問詞what;又因為賓語從句要用陳述句語序，故選D。
5.B。本題是考查賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)的用法。特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句用陳述語序，主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)說話人的意思可以判斷是一般將來時。所以選擇B。
6.A。本題是考查賓語從句的語序用法。特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句用陳述語序，what在賓語從句作主語，所以what is wrong是陳述語序。同樣如果D改成is the matter也是正確的。
7.A。本題是考查賓語從句的語序用法，特殊疑問詞where引導的賓語從句用陳述語序。從對話的答語可以判斷特殊疑問詞where引導賓語從句。
8.C。本題是考查反意疑問句的用法。主句是I think和后面的賓語從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，其反意疑問句的主語、謂語和賓語從句保持一致，前面的句子是否定句，所以附加疑問句用肯定形式。
9.C。本題是考查反意疑問句的用法。復(fù)合句的反意疑問句的主語、謂語和主句保持一致，這里主句是The teacher didn’t say，而且是否定句，所以附加疑問句用肯定形式。
10. A。句意為“你知道她是誰的女兒嗎?”可知應(yīng)該用whose。
11. A。從句的時態(tài)原本應(yīng)該用一般將來時(因為時間狀語是next week)，但是由于主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)該改為過去將來時，即would +動詞原形。
12. B。首先通過從句應(yīng)該是陳述句語序這一點來排除A和D，然后由于主句的時態(tài)是過去時，因此從句也要用過去的時態(tài)，故選B。
13. C。本題考查賓語從句的引導詞that，可以省略，在從句中不作任何成分。
14. B。首先，從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語序，因此只能考慮A或B。然后根據(jù)題目的意思，他問我去了哪里，證明我已經(jīng)回來的，問的是曾經(jīng)去了哪里，因此用been to。
15. A。該題中的A, C, D都是陳述句語序，都可以考慮;但是只有A符合從句時態(tài)的要求，故選A。
[真題鏈接]
1. B。句意：—你知道他們什么時候開會嗎?—明天上午。本題考查賓語從句。tomorrow
morning為一般將來時的標志詞，故可排除A、C兩項。賓語從句的語序為陳述句語序，排除D項。故選B。
2. A。句意：—格林先生，你知道我們的夏令營什么時候開始嗎?—7月10號，它將持續(xù)一個月。本題考查賓語從句。根據(jù)答語可知疑問詞應(yīng)為when，無論主語是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述句語序，故選A。
3. D。句意：我不知道是誰留下的信息。本題考查賓語從句的用法。賓語從句應(yīng)該使用陳述句語序，而A、B兩個選項都是疑問句語序，故排除;C選項時態(tài)不對，主句是過去時，從句也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時，故選D。
II.根據(jù)漢語提示，用賓語從句補全下列句子。
1. why she is so crazy about
2. whether she’ll accept it
3. what we should do
4. how I can get to Zhongshan park
5. if he has been back
III. 中考真題
1. B。由when引導的賓語從句，要用陳述語序，所以排除A和C,主句時態(tài)是表示委婉語氣的一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)句意，選擇B。
2. A�？疾樘厥庖蓡栐~引導的賓語從句，要用陳述語序，根據(jù)句意，選擇A。
3. D。這里的it作形式賓語，動詞不定式to keep reading English作真正的賓語。
4. B。賓語從句要用陳述句語序，所以排除A、D選項;if不能與or not連用故選B答案。
5. B�？疾閣here引導的賓語從句，用陳述句語序，由asked可知從句用相應(yīng)的過去時，所以選B。
6. B�？疾閣here引導的賓語從句，要用陳述語序。根據(jù)句意可知選B。
7. A。由答語可知，問他來這的方式，所以引導詞選how。
8. A。由答語last year可知問獲獎的時間，when引導的賓語從句要用陳述語序，所以選A。
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