小口訣：
賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞;
主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制;
主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí);
陳述轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問(wèn)用if/whether,
特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。
一.基本講解 來(lái)源：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)
概念:在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，可做V謂/介詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。
Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.
圖片He said he was good at drawing. (動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語(yǔ))
1.引導(dǎo)詞
(1) that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用陳述句充當(dāng), that可省略。
圖片Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”
She said (that) she wanted to go there.
They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.
(2) whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,由一般疑問(wèn)句/選擇疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)，陳述語(yǔ)序。
Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said.
圖片 She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.
I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .
I’m not sure whether he will come or not.
注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外
a. 介詞短語(yǔ)后只用whether 不用if
eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.
b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或or not 連用時(shí)，只用whether.
eg:I can’t say whether or not he will come on time
c. if當(dāng)如果講時(shí),引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.
Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.
Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.
(3). 特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不可省略，陳述句語(yǔ)序。
特殊疑問(wèn)詞為：how , when, where, why ,which whose.
What 引導(dǎo)賓從時(shí)做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。
圖片E.g. ‘What do you want?’ He asked.
He asked me what I wanted.
I have no idea where he is now.
I don’t know how to deal with it.
He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.
對(duì)比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：
He asked what was the wrong/matter with me.(what 做主語(yǔ))
He doesn’t know what to do now(做賓語(yǔ))
He asked me who he was.(who 做表語(yǔ))
2.賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)
a.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不受主句的限制
eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?
I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.
She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
b.當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去的相應(yīng)某種時(shí)態(tài)
She didn’t know why the boy was late again. (過(guò)去一般)
I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.(過(guò)去完成)
I wondered when she was going to America.(過(guò)去將來(lái))
注意：當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Eg: He said that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.
The teacher told us seeing is believing.
3.語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序，主+謂+其他
* when will you leave for Beijing?(Could you please tell me)
圖片 Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?
*Has she seen the movie?(He asked.)
圖片 He asked if she had seen the movie.
*Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?
二、賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化
1.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Eg:She agreed that she could help me with my math.
→She agreed to help me with my math.
2.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面有特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓從時(shí)，可以簡(jiǎn)化成“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。
Eg: She forgot what she should take.
→ she forget to take it
3. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.
→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
三.否定轉(zhuǎn)移
e.g. I don’t think he is cool. 我認(rèn)為他并不酷
常用詞：believe，suppose,think等
四.注意問(wèn)題和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
1.由粗心大意導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)序的錯(cuò)亂，長(zhǎng)從句也只有主謂賓語(yǔ)序，不要受引導(dǎo)詞的影響(可暫時(shí)忽略引導(dǎo)詞，直接看從句)
2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清(whether 是否，if是否/如果)
3.從句中介詞短語(yǔ)的介詞弄丟
Eg: I don’t know who she is looking at.(容易丟了at )
4.賓從和定從同時(shí)出現(xiàn)完全不知所措(賓從是作賓語(yǔ)，誰(shuí)做了什么，說(shuō)了什么，誰(shuí)想知道什么等;定從修飾名詞，引導(dǎo)詞只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用語(yǔ)定從，只用于賓從)
5. 混淆視覺(jué)的句子，錯(cuò)當(dāng)是疑問(wèn)句
Jim didn’t know what was wrong with his computer.
賓語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)習(xí)題
鞏固練習(xí)
1.Have you decided ______ for Australia?
A. when will you leave
B. when do you leav
C. you will leave when
D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me _______ ?
A. where does Tom live
B. where Tom lived
C. Tom lives where
D. where Tom lives
3.The old man asked me _________ .
A. where was the cinema
B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was
D. where was the way to the cinema
4.I think ____ you will like him.
A. that
B. if
C. why
D. how
5.I didn’t know _________ he will come or not.
A. that B. whether
C. weather D. how
6.I wonder __________ .
A. how much cost these shoes
B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost
D. how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me ________ ___.
A. who he was B. who was he
C. who is he D. who he is
8.Ask him___________ .
A. whose cup this is
B. whose cup is this
C. this is whose cup
D. whose is this cup
9.I don’t know ____________ .
A. what time the movie starts
B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie
D. the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long _________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill
C. I have been ill D. I had been ill
11.The weather forecast doesn’t say________ .
A. if it rains tomorrow
B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow
D. if will it rain tomorrow
12.Do you know __________________ ?
A. whose pen is this
B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to
D. whom the pen belong to
13.Could you tell me where ________ ?
A. the tape was B. was the tape
C. the tape is D. is the tape
14.They want to know _________________ ?
A. where is the hospital
B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave
D. why is the boy crying
15.Tony wanted to know _______ .
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
16.No one knows_________ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A. when B. whether
C. where D. if
17.July didn’t know _______ .
A. where is Tim’s father
B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is
D. what was wrong with her watch
18.No one told us __________ , so we need your help.
A. how should we do
B. what we should do
C. what to do
D. what should we do
19.We don’t know ______________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A. how do it
B. how to do
C. what do it
D. what to do
20.He asked me __________ .
A. whether I find out the sender of the money
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out
D. whether I found out the sender of the money
能力提高練習(xí)
1. I don't know ________ he will come tomorrow.
_______ he comes, I'll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether
C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come
B. how will he come
C. if he comes
D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how
C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me__________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C. how he mended
D. what he mended
5. I want to know __________ .
A. whom is she looking after
B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking
D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where ____________now?
A. he lives B. does he live
C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time __________ ?
A. the train leave
B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave
D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _____________ . Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old
B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _______________ .
A. what is their stockings in
B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in
D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____________ .
A. what does Christmas mean
B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does
D. what Christmas means
11. I don’t know ___________ he will be back home.
A. who B. what
C. when D. where
12. Could you tell me ____________ ?
A. where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for
D. where you live in
13. Do you still remember ___________ ?
A. that he said
B. what he said
C. did he say that
D. what did he say
14. I can’t understand ________ the boy alone.
A. why she left
B. why did she leave
C. why she had left
D. why had she left
15. She told me the sun ____________ in the east.
A. rise B. rose
C. rises D. had risen
16. They tried to find out ___________ the new train .
A. how far/ had gone
B. how long/ has gone
C. how far/ went
D. how far / had run
17. The manager came up to see __________ .
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter
18. Can you tell me ____________ ?
A. what are you doing
B. where do you study
C. what you were doing
D. what to do it
19. He asked his father ____________ .
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
20.No one tells us ___________ ， so we need your help.
A. how we should do
B. what should we do
C. how to do it
D. what to do it
直擊中考
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell ______________ .
A. when UFOs will appear next time
B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found
D. how do elephants communicate
2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
----Sorry. I don’t know _______________.
A. when did he go abroad
B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back
D. how long he will stay abroad
3. ---May I come in ? I’m sorry I am late.
----Come in, please. But could you please tell me ____________ ?
A. why you are late again
B. what were you doing then
C. who you talked with
D. how do you come to school
4. ---Could you please tell me __________ ?
----Bus No.32 will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum
B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum
D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _____________________ .
A. where they have been
B. where are they
C. where are they from
D. where they have gone
6. ---Do you know ___________ the Capital Museum?
---Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D. when they visited
7. He wanted to know ___________ the English party.
A. when will we have
B. when we will have
C. when would we have
D. when we would have
8. I want to know __________ .
A. when we should arrive at the airport
B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at
D. when the airport should we arrive at
9.---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ____________ ?
----He is a doctor.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. what is he D. what he is
11. ---I wonder _______ without water
----About a week.
A. how long man can live
B. how long can man live
C. when man can live
D. when can man live
編輯推薦：
2024年中考各科目重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總
最新中考資訊、中考政策、考前準(zhǔn)備、中考預(yù)測(cè)、錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線等
中考時(shí)間線的全部重要節(jié)點(diǎn)
盡在"中考網(wǎng)"微信公眾號(hào)
歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問(wèn)中考網(wǎng)，2023中考一路陪伴同行！>>點(diǎn)擊查看
