連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語(yǔ)之間以及名詞等其他詞語(yǔ)之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類(lèi)。
常有的并列連詞有
并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，：but, however, yet, still，while等。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tomgot up early, yet he failed to catch the train.
He was very tired, still he kept on walking.
Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some
room for improvement.
Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.
還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞，
如：or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連詞有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。
從屬連詞在中學(xué)范圍內(nèi)常常用來(lái)連接名詞性從句，
如：that, if, whether, 其次用來(lái)連接狀語(yǔ)從句。：when , while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till。
連接條件狀語(yǔ)的連詞有：
if, unless, as long as 等，because, since, as, now that (既然)。so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無(wú)處不見(jiàn)。
簡(jiǎn)單連詞
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并列連詞
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用法
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例句
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and
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表并列或順承關(guān)系
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He came into the classroom and put his schoolbag on the desk.
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用于“祈使句，and +陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)
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Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes.
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or
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意為“或者”，表示任選其一
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Do you want to go the zoo or the museum?
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意為“否則”，用于“祈使句，or +陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)
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Please be quick, or we will miss the last bus.
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so
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表示因果關(guān)系
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It’s raining heavily now, so we have to put off the P.E class.
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for
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表示原因，及附帶理由
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I must be off now, for it is getting late.
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but
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Nearly every kid hates exams, but they’re necessary. They help to check if kids have learned the specific knowledge. |
并列連詞短語(yǔ)
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連詞短語(yǔ)
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意義用法
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例句
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neither--nor-
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既不--也不,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”
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Neither he nor his children like fish.
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either--or--
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或者--或者--，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”
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Either you or he is wrong.
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both--and--
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兩者都，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式
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Both she and I are good at English.
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not only-- but also
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不但--而且-，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”
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Not only you but also he wants to buy the book.
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注意：
neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即就近原則;both...and連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)。
1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
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從屬連詞
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用法
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例句
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when
當(dāng)--時(shí)候
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引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
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It was raining when he came out of the office.
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while
當(dāng)--時(shí)候
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引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且常用進(jìn)行時(shí)
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Don't make any noise while others are reading in the library.
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before
在--之前
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“在……之前”，從句的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后
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She reached the train station before he called her yesterday.
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after
在---之后
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“在……之后”，從句的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前
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He turned off the light and went to bed after he cleaned the room.
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until
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常用在“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“直到……才……”
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Nancy didn't appear until it was ten o'clock last night.
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as
一邊--一邊
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表示一件事情在發(fā)生，另一件事情也在同時(shí)發(fā)生
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The students took notes as they listened to the radio in English class.
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as soon as
一--就--
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表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就隨之發(fā)生
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I'll write a letter to you as soon as I get to America.
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since
自從
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從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
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The girl who can speak English smoothly has lived in London since she was five years old.
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once
一旦
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表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就隨之發(fā)生
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Once they find people in trouble, they are eager to help them without payment.
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2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
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連詞
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用法
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例句
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if
如果
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主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，即主將從現(xiàn)，但有時(shí)用主情從現(xiàn)或主祈從現(xiàn)。
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1.If he has time tomorrow, he will come to the meeting.
2.None can succeed if he doesn’t work hard.
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unless
除非，如果不
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主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，即主將從現(xiàn)，但有時(shí)用主情從現(xiàn)或主祈從現(xiàn)。。
unless可轉(zhuǎn)化成if--not結(jié)構(gòu)。
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1.He won’t finish the work unless he works hard.
2.If it doesn’t rain, go for a picnic.
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as long as
只要
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主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，即主將從現(xiàn)。
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You can take any book as long as you like.
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3.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
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連詞
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含義
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用法
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though
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雖然
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引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這些詞不能與but連用。
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although
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盡管
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even though(if)
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即使
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4. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
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連詞
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意義
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例句
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because
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表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，常用來(lái)回答由why引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句，其從句的位置通常在主句的后面。
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He has to leave because it is too late.
因?yàn)樘砹�，他不得不走�?/span>
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since
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since語(yǔ)氣比as稍強(qiáng)，不表示直接的或根本的原因，而是一種已知的或非常顯然的理由，since引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于主句之前。
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Since everyone is here, let’s start.
既然大家到齊了，我們就出發(fā)吧！
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as
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as是從屬連詞，表示原因時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣最弱，所說(shuō)的原因比較明顯或是已知的事實(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于主句之前。
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We all like her as she is kind.
我們都喜歡她，因?yàn)樗屏肌?/span>
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for |
是并列連詞,表明附加或推斷的理由,常用于口語(yǔ)中,意為“因?yàn)?rdquo;。for連接的句子不用于句首,并列句之間可以用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。 |
Imustbeawayforaweek,forI'llgotoShanghai.
我要離開(kāi)一個(gè)星期,因?yàn)槲乙ド虾！?/span> |
5.引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
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連詞
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意義
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例句
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as
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按照--方式
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She always does as her father tells her.
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as if
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似乎，好像
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He walked around as if he was looking for something.
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6.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
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連詞
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意義
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用法及例句
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so --that
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如此--以至于
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so后跟形容詞副詞原形。(so--that--結(jié)構(gòu)常與too--to結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化）。
She was so tired that she couldn’t go any farther.
ThatquestionissodifficultthatIcan'tworkitout.
→Thatquestionistoodifficultformetoworkout.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題太難,我算不出來(lái)。
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such --that
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such后跟名詞或名詞性詞組。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
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so...that...可以與以下結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換：
A. 與too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
too...to...意為“太……以至于不能……”,與so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)互換時(shí),that從句中必須使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can't(如果是過(guò)去時(shí)則用couldn't)。
如:
Hewassocleverthathecouldn'tmakesuchstupidmistakes.
→ Hewastooclevertomakesuchstupidmistakes.
他太聰明了,不會(huì)犯這么愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。
溫馨提示:如果主從句的主語(yǔ)不一致,改為同義句時(shí),要用too...for sb. to...結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:
ThatquestionissodifficultthatIcan'tworkitout.
→Thatquestionistoodifficultformetoworkout.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題太難,我算不出來(lái)。
B. 與enoughtodo/notenoughtodo結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
a)與enough to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
enough to do sth.意為“……足夠做某事”,與so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),that從句中必須使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。
如:
Youaresohealthythatyoucangetbacktoschool.
→ Youarehealthyenoughtogetbacktoschool.
你身體健康,可以回學(xué)校去了。
b)與not...enough to do結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
not...enough to do意為“沒(méi)到做某事的……”,與so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),that從句中必須使用含有否定意義的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。enough前面的形容詞是so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中so后面形容詞的反義詞。
如:
Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.
→Theboyisnotoldenoughtodresshimself.
這個(gè)孩子還沒(méi)到自己穿衣服的年齡。
Heissoimpatientthathecan'twait.
→ Heisnotpatientenoughtowait.
他沒(méi)有足夠的耐心等待。
7.引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
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連詞
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意義
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用法
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so that
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以便于，為了
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They sped up so that they could get there on time.
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in order that
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為了
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02
考點(diǎn)梳理
2、引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
1).引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,as soon as等。
2).引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有where,wherever等
3).引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有because,since,as等。
4).引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有if,unless,as long as等。
5).引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主要連詞有in order that/so that。
6).引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有although,though,even if/even though。
7).引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有so...that,such..that,so(that)...
8).引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有than,as。
9).引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有as,as if/as though等。
3、重點(diǎn)總結(jié)（主謂一致現(xiàn)象）
就近原則
1)：There be句型; Neither...nor...; Either...or...;Not only...but also...。
就前原則
2)：with，along with, together with, as well as, besides,like, without, except(but), including,but, rather than, in addition to, apart from...
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