來源:網(wǎng)絡資源 2023-08-16 15:24:07
過去完成時(The Past Perfect Tense):過去完成時表示過去某一時間之前完成的動作或發(fā)生的情況,句子謂語形式由had+動詞的過去分詞構成,通常表述為“過去的過去”。在不同的句子結構中有相應體現(xiàn),也可跟有一定的時間狀語,如by, before等介詞或連詞。
1. 過去完成時的結構:
1.1 肯定句:主語+had+done+others
A. I had arrived.
我已經(jīng)到了。
B. He had sent the letter.
他已經(jīng)寄了這封信。
1.2 否定句:主語+had+not+done+others
A. However,Her father had not brought her birthday presents.
然而,她的父親沒有給她買生日禮物。
1.3 疑問句:had+主語+done+others
肯定回答:YES,主語+had/否定回答:NO,主語+ hadn’t
A. Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?
麗莎已經(jīng)去化妝舞會了嗎?
Yes,she had.
是的,她去了。
No,she hadn’t.
沒有,她沒去。
1.4 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+had+主語+done+others
A. Why had The Castle become a memory of generation?
為什么電影城堡已經(jīng)成為了一代的記憶?
1.5 被動語態(tài):主語+had(not)been+done+others
A. At the end of last year,another magic design had been completed.
在去年低,另一個神奇的設計已經(jīng)完成。
B. There was still doubtful that why the film had not been chased by public.
對于這部電影為什么沒有被大眾所追捧依然存在些疑惑。
2. 過去完成時的用法
2.1 在賓語從句中的運用:
A. To my surprise,Josh told me that he had engaged.
令我驚訝的是,喬希告訴我他已經(jīng)訂婚了。
B. Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.
在課上,利茲問約翰,教授說了什么。(這里“said”的動作在“ask”之前)
2.2 在定語從句中的運用:
A. Yesterday, I helped an old man who had lost her way.
昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋已經(jīng)迷路的老人。(who引導的定語從句)
2.3 在以主語+had done, before/by+過去時間狀語詞組/從句中的運用:
A.Mr.Wanghad attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.
王先生在去約克郡之前已經(jīng)出席了會議并發(fā)表演講。(before引導的從句,一般過去時)
B. Cappuccino had become a quick seller in Starbucks,by the end of last month.
到上個月底為止,卡布奇諾已經(jīng)成為了星巴克的暢銷品。(by引導的時間狀語)
2.4 Had done在虛擬語氣中的運用(屬于較特殊情況):
(1)在虛擬條件句中的運用,此時的意思要根據(jù)語境而定,可以與虛擬語氣一起來歸納。主要表示與過去事實相反的愿望,即與過去事實相反。
A. If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.
如果我聽取了你的建議,我將會在考試中取得好的成績。(had taken表明過去我沒有采取建議)
(2)有expect,intend,suppose(假定),hope,think等動詞的過去完成時在句中出現(xiàn)時,表示未實現(xiàn)的打算,希望,愿望的意味。
A.I expect that I had been an intern in that company.
我希望我已經(jīng)是那個公司的一名實習生。(同樣地,我并不是這個公司的實習生)
(3)在If only(但愿,要是) or wish出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣中,同樣也表示與過去事實相反的愿望,想法。
A. Honestly,if only I had studied in university.
說真的,要是我在大學學習多好!(事實上我沒有,與現(xiàn)實相反)
B. I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sports meeting.
我希望我在運動會上被授予了獎勵。(事實上獲獎不存在)
2.5 在時間狀語從句中的運用:
例如一些引導詞since, until, no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely...when 等,一般可視為 "had done" 出現(xiàn)的信號,從句常用一般過去時。
A.No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation.
惠特妮·休斯頓一開始唱歌,就引起了瞬時的轟動。(注意:這里由于no sooner 否定前置,句子謂語部分倒裝,所以”had”提前)
A. It was a long time since Darcy had lived in this city.
過去完成時的結構與用法
達西住在這座城市已經(jīng)有很長時間了。(達西在過去的某個時間點之前就住在這座城市)
過去完成時(The Past Perfect Tense):過去完成時表示過去某一時間之前完成的動作或發(fā)生的情況,句子謂語形式由had+動詞的過去分詞構成,通常表述為“過去的過去”。在不同的句子結構中有相應體現(xiàn),也可跟有一定的時間狀語,如by, before等介詞或連詞。
1. 過去完成時的結構:
1.1 肯定句:主語+had+done+others
A. I had arrived.
我已經(jīng)到了。
B. He had sent the letter.
他已經(jīng)寄了這封信。
1.2 否定句:主語+had+not+done+others
A. However,Her father had not brought her birthday presents.
然而,她的父親沒有給她買生日禮物。
1.3 疑問句:had+主語+done+others
肯定回答:YES,主語+had/否定回答:NO,主語+ hadn’t
A. Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?
麗莎已經(jīng)去化妝舞會了嗎?
Yes,she had.
是的,她去了。
No,she hadn’t.
沒有,她沒去。
1.4 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+had+主語+done+others
A. Why had The Castle become a memory of generation?
為什么電影城堡已經(jīng)成為了一代的記憶?
1.5 被動語態(tài):主語+had(not)been+done+others
A. At the end of last year,another magic design had been completed.
在去年低,另一個神奇的設計已經(jīng)完成。
B. There was still doubtful that why the film had not been chased by public.
對于這部電影為什么沒有被大眾所追捧依然存在些疑惑。
2. 過去完成時的用法
2.1 在賓語從句中的運用:
A. To my surprise,Josh told me that he had engaged.
令我驚訝的是,喬希告訴我他已經(jīng)訂婚了。
B. Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.
在課上,利茲問約翰,教授說了什么。(這里“said”的動作在“ask”之前)
2.2 在定語從句中的運用:
A. Yesterday, I helped an old man who had lost her way.
昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋已經(jīng)迷路的老人。(who引導的定語從句)
2.3 在以主語+had done, before/by+過去時間狀語詞組/從句中的運用:
A.Mr.Wanghad attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.
王先生在去約克郡之前已經(jīng)出席了會議并發(fā)表演講。(before引導的從句,一般過去時)
B. Cappuccino had become a quick seller in Starbucks,by the end of last month.
到上個月底為止,卡布奇諾已經(jīng)成為了星巴克的暢銷品。(by引導的時間狀語)
2.4 Had done在虛擬語氣中的運用(屬于較特殊情況):
(1)在虛擬條件句中的運用,此時的意思要根據(jù)語境而定,可以與虛擬語氣一起來歸納。主要表示與過去事實相反的愿望,即與過去事實相反。
A. If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.
如果我聽取了你的建議,我將會在考試中取得好的成績。(had taken表明過去我沒有采取建議)
(2)有expect,intend,suppose(假定),hope,think等動詞的過去完成時在句中出現(xiàn)時,表示未實現(xiàn)的打算,希望,愿望的意味。
A.I expect that I had been an intern in that company.
我希望我已經(jīng)是那個公司的一名實習生。(同樣地,我并不是這個公司的實習生)
(3)在If only(但愿,要是) or wish出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣中,同樣也表示與過去事實相反的愿望,想法。
A. Honestly,if only I had studied in university.
說真的,要是我在大學學習多好!(事實上我沒有,與現(xiàn)實相反)
B. I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sports meeting.
我希望我在運動會上被授予了獎勵。(事實上獲獎不存在)
2.5 在時間狀語從句中的運用:
例如一些引導詞since, until, no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely...when 等,一般可視為 "had done" 出現(xiàn)的信號,從句常用一般過去時。
A.No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation.
惠特妮·休斯頓一開始唱歌,就引起了瞬時的轟動。(注意:這里由于no sooner 否定前置,句子謂語部分倒裝,所以”had”提前)
A. It was a long time since Darcy had lived in this city.
達西住在這座城市已經(jīng)有很長時間了。(達西在過去的某個時間點之前就住在這座城市)
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