過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)語(yǔ)法詳解
定義：
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。
結(jié)構(gòu)：
was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞)
用法：
1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?/p>
What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來(lái)，受傷了。
It was raining when they left the station.他們離開(kāi)車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。
2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ).副詞或從句來(lái)表示。如：
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么?(介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room.當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。(when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
3.在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
都強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，不一定完成；過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)事件，一定完成。
表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。如：He played when I was studying.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)，兩者都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間完成的動(dòng)作｡例如:
I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能沒(méi)打完)I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信｡(已經(jīng)打完)
具體區(qū)別如下：
1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫(xiě)了封信。(信寫(xiě)完了)She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫(xiě)信。(信不一定寫(xiě)完)
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。She waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。
3.句中有a moment ago之類的短語(yǔ)一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
4.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之類的狀語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作：I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟湯姆聊天來(lái)著。
這里的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)給人的印象是這一動(dòng)作既不特殊，也不引人注目。它同時(shí)還傾向于解除主語(yǔ)對(duì)于這一動(dòng)作所負(fù)的責(zé)任。句中誰(shuí)先開(kāi)口說(shuō)話既不清楚，也無(wú)關(guān)緊要。要注意它與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的差異：
注意：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)只用于表示顯然是連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作。
如果把動(dòng)作分割開(kāi)，或者說(shuō)出其發(fā)生的次數(shù)，就必須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)：I talked to Tom several times.我跟湯姆談過(guò)幾次話。Tom washed both cars.湯姆把兩輛汽車都洗了。
當(dāng)然，看來(lái)是并行的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可以都用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示：
Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一點(diǎn)到兩點(diǎn)之間我在購(gòu)物和遛狗。
這樣用的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)通常和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如today，last night，in the afternoon連用。這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以看做是表示某一時(shí)刻，也可以看做是表示某一段時(shí)間。如上面例句所示，某一段時(shí)間也可以用確切的時(shí)間來(lái)表示。
如想問(wèn)起一段時(shí)間怎樣度過(guò)時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)要用比一般過(guò)去時(shí)顯得有禮貌：
What were you doing before you came here?(你來(lái)這里之前做什么工作?)要比 What did you do before you came here?聽(tīng)起來(lái)有禮貌。
另一方面， What were you doing in my room?(你在我的房間里干什么來(lái)著?)可能表示這樣一種情感：我認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有權(quán)利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room?卻毫無(wú)這種含義。
不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
感官動(dòng)詞：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……表示態(tài)度感情的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate……表心理狀態(tài)：feel,want,prefer……表占有：own,have,……表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù)：look,owe,be……
when 和while的用法區(qū)別
兩者的區(qū)別如下：
1.when是at or during the time that, 既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間;
while是during the time that，只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
2.when 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
3.由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，如：When the teacher came in, we were talking.當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為：While we were talking, the teacher came in.
專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題
一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I_____(have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
2.Mary_____(go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter____(do) the same thing.
3.What_____you___(do) at that time?We_____(watch) TV.
4.Was your father at home yesterday evening?Yes,he was. He_____(listen) to the radio.
5.They_____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
6._____they____(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.
7.______it_____(rain) when you left school? Yes, it____. (No, it____)
8.What_____your father_____(do) when he was your age?
9.One day, Edison_____(wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(軌道) to play.
10.He asked me if I______ (go) fishing that afternoon.
11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave) in five minutes.
12.In a letter, john told us that he_____(come) to china next month.
13.When the bell rang, jenny_____(wait) in her seat.
14.She_____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.
15.While my father____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly____ a cry.
二.選擇題。1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
A.cooked, were ringingB. was cooking, rangC. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang
2.He said he_____to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
A.triesB.triedC.was tryingD.will try
3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
A.was watching, was hearingB.watched, was hearingC.watched, heard D.was watching, heard
4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
A.were watching B.watch C.watched D.are watching
5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?
A.did, read, was seeing B. did, read, sawC.were, reading, saw D.were, reading, was seeing
6.It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.
A.are gettingB.get C.were getting D.got
7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.
A.is, thinking, wasB.was, thinking, isC.did, think, isD.was, thinking, was
8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.
A.saw, passed B.was seeing, passedC.was seeing, passed D.was seeing, was passing
9.We____for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.
A.were waiting, waitingB.were waiting, waitC.waited, waiting D.waited, wait
10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
A.helps B.would help C.was helpingD.is helping
11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.
A.did, made B.was doing, madeC.was doing, was making D.did, was making
12.“_______ you angry then?”“they ______ too much noise.”
A.are, were makingB.were, were makingC.are, made D.were, made
13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me
A.did, heard B.did, didn’t hearC.was doing, heard D. was doing, didn’t hear
14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV
A.repaired, didn’t watch B.was repairing, watchedC.repaired, watched D.was repairing, wasn’t watching
15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.
A.was gettingB.getsC.is gettingD.will get
參考答案：
一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.was having 2.was going,were doing 3.were doing,were watching 4.was listening 5.were not making 6.Were having were cleaning 7.was raining 8.did do(do) 9.was waiting 10.was going/would go 11.was leaving 12.is coming /will come 13.was waiting 14.was making 15.was looking ,heard
二.選擇題。
BCDAC,CDAAC,CBDDA
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