來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-16 14:46:23
PART 01
掌握四種用法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩種主要用法,即已完成用法(或影響性用法)和未完成用法(或持續(xù)性用法)。具體用法如下:
1.
該用法表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,完成于過(guò)去,但這這個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生并完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或結(jié)果,同時(shí)說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的或感興趣的就是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果。如:
He has gone home.他回家去了。(其影響或結(jié)果:現(xiàn)在不在這里)
I have seen the film.我看過(guò)這部電影。(其影響或結(jié)果:我知道其內(nèi)容)
He has finished his homework.他完成作業(yè)了。(其影響或結(jié)果:可以做其他事情了)
2.
該用法表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去,但并未在過(guò)去完成,而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)下去(也可能到此結(jié)束)。如:
He has been blind from birth.他生下來(lái)就雙目失明。
He has lived here for five years.他已在這兒住了5年。
He has worked in films all his life.他在電影界干了一輩子。
3.
該用法表示在過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,并且這個(gè)反復(fù)的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今。如:
My father has always gone to work by bike.我父親一向騎車上班。
I have always found him difficult.我老是感到他這人很難相處。
4.
該用法主要見于時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用以表示一個(gè)將來(lái)完成的動(dòng)作。如:
I’ll tell you when I’ve finished.我完成的時(shí)候會(huì)告訴你。
If she hasn’t gone to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.如果你見到她時(shí)她還睡覺,讓她給我打個(gè)電話。
PART 02
記住兩類搭配
1.
Perhaps the train has already left.也許火車已經(jīng)開走了。
She has never replied to my letter.她不曾回我的信。
Have you ever been abroad before?你以前出過(guò)國(guó)嗎?
We’ve not been to the cinema recently.我們最近沒去看過(guò)電影。
Excuse me, a telegram has just arrived.對(duì)不起,打斷一下,剛收到一份電報(bào)。
但是,若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,這些副詞也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
He just came back from abroad.他剛從國(guó)外回來(lái)。
You didn’t tell us this before.你以前沒有告訴過(guò)我這件事。
2.
since不管用作介詞、連詞還是副詞,句子(主句)謂語(yǔ)通常都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:
Since that time great progress has been made.從那時(shí)起已經(jīng)取得很大的進(jìn)步。(since為介詞)
He hasn’t written to us since he arrived inBritain.自從到達(dá)英國(guó)以后,他就一直沒有寫信給我們。(since為連詞)
He left school in 1983. I haven’t seen him since.他1983年離開學(xué)校,打那時(shí)起我一直沒見過(guò)他。(since為副詞)
It’s a long time since I saw Mary.我已經(jīng)很久沒見到瑪麗了。
It’s ten years since I bought this house.這房子我已買了10年。
PART 03
避開兩類易混點(diǎn)
1.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的已完成用法很容易與一般過(guò)去時(shí)相混淆,其區(qū)別是:前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,后者不強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)影響和結(jié)果,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去。如:
Mary lived here for five years.瑪麗在這里住了五年。(現(xiàn)在仍住這兒)
Mary lived here for five years.瑪麗在這里住過(guò)五年。(現(xiàn)在不住這兒了)
I have read the book.我讀過(guò)這本書。(現(xiàn)在還記得書的內(nèi)容)
I read the book when I was young.我年輕時(shí)讀過(guò)這本書。(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否記得內(nèi)容)
2. have been to
have been to和have gone to均可后接地點(diǎn),但前者表示去過(guò)某地,通?膳c表示次數(shù)的狀語(yǔ)連用;后者表示到某地去了,強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)去某地的人不在場(chǎng)。如:
He has been to many places of the country.他去過(guò)這個(gè)國(guó)家的許多地方。
He has gone to the country for the weekend.他去鄉(xiāng)下度周末了。
注:have been to有時(shí)還可后接動(dòng)詞原形。如:
The doctor has been to see the patient.醫(yī)生來(lái)看過(guò)病人了。
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