一. 定義
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。
二. 結(jié)構(gòu)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞)
三. 用法
1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。
常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?/p>
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell andhurt himselfwhile he was riding his bicycle.
我哥哥騎自行車(chē)的時(shí)候從車(chē)上摔下來(lái)，受傷了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。
2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。
時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。例如：
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么?(介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
She was doing her homework then.
那個(gè)時(shí)候她正在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。(副詞表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。(when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車(chē)邊看報(bào)。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車(chē)時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
【典型例題】
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
四. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)敘述舊事，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景。
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”。
I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”)
I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段)
3. 過(guò)去的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。
It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用，表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
五. 注意
英語(yǔ)中有四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)（不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）。
1. 表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞
如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。
I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
2. 表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等。
3. 表感官的動(dòng)詞
如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等。
4. 表非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞
如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。
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