2023年初中英語：現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)

1

現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他

否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他

一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)

2

現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

1. 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已經(jīng)郵寄出了照片。

與此種用法連用的時間狀語時一些模糊的過去時間狀語，如already(肯定句句中), yet(否定句/疑問句句尾), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

2. 現(xiàn)在完成時也可用來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時刻，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。

He has lived here since 1978.

自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)

此種用法常與for(+時間段),since(+時間點(diǎn)或過去時的句子)連用。謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。

有些瞬間動詞可變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動詞：

go out----be out

finish----be over

open----be open

die----be dead

buy---have

fall ill---be ill

come back----be back

catch a cold----have a cold

3

現(xiàn)在完成時常見考法

對于現(xiàn)在完成時的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時，或者是考查“瞬間動詞”不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用”這一知識點(diǎn)。

【典型例題】

His father_____the party since 1978

A.joind

B.has joined

C.was in

D.has been in

答案：D

解析：本題考查學(xué)生對現(xiàn)在完成時的熟練掌握。since 1978表達(dá)“自從1978年一直到現(xiàn)在”，表示這件事情從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，而且動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，A、B均為瞬間動詞，不能與時間段連用，故排除;C為一般過去時，也不行。

4

比較一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的異同

1. 共同點(diǎn)：動作都是在過去完成。

I saw the film yesterday evening.

I have seen the film before.

(看電影這件事都是在過去完成的。)

2. 區(qū)別：

①現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，只是說明某個動作發(fā)生的時間是在過去。

②一般過去時通常與具體明確的過去時間狀語連用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等;而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的過去時間狀語和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段時間的狀語連用。

【典型例題】

—______ you your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished

B.Have ; done ; finished

C.Have ; done ; have finished

答案：B

解析：本題考查一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別。問句中的yet表明應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，而回答中的a moment ago 是一個明確的過去時間狀語，應(yīng)該用一般過去時。

5

過去分詞的規(guī)則變化

動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化相同。

① 一般情況下，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked

visit---visited---visited

② 以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived

③ 以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied

cry---cried---cried

④ 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped

drop---dropped--dropped

6

過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化

【典型考例1】

(2019江蘇南通)----Is everyone here, Jonathan?

----No. Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days.

A.has fallen ill B. has been ill C. fell ill D. was ill

【析】正確答案B。句意是：喬納森，人到齊了嗎?老師，沒有。米莉缺席了。她生病已經(jīng)兩天了。Fall ill與be ill都表示“生病”，但fall ill為非延續(xù)性動詞，在現(xiàn)在完成時中不可與段時間連用，須轉(zhuǎn)換為be ill才可以，所以，正確答案為B。

【典型考例2】

(2019廣西玉林)---Jenny, your new tape player looks great.

----Oh, it’s not new. I _____ it for three years.

A.buy B.have had C.bought D.have bought

【析】正確答案：B。句意是：詹妮，你的新隨身聽看上很不錯啊!哦，它不是新的。我已經(jīng)買了3年了。非延續(xù)性動詞buy在現(xiàn)在完成時中，不可與段時間狀語連用，因此，須轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性同義動詞have或own。所以，正確答案為B 。

【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】

一、根據(jù)漢語意義或首字母提示，寫出正確單詞。

1.(2019四川廣安) I haven’t ________ (收到…來信) from Sally before.

2.(2019浙江杭州).I’m very hungry . I haven’t e_______ anything since 7:00 this morning

3.(2019廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)) Bob and Jim have been good friends_______(自從)they joined the same tennis team.

二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空

1.(2019山東青島)The writer is so popular that he _______(sell) more than 200,000 books so far.

2.(2019江蘇連云港)---I____ (have a fever)since last night.

---You’d better go to see a doctor.

3.(2019江蘇泰州)So far, the couple ___________ (not change) their flat since they had a second child.

4.(2019甘肅蘭州)Jim has never ________(be) to Mount Tai in China.

5.(2019貴州安順) Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ________(keep) it for 5 days.

6.(2019湖北鄂州)Cathy and Linda ( not be) back to their hometown for two years.

7.(2019江蘇南通)----Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy?

----Sure. I (finish)my DIY project.

三、單項選擇

1.(2019山東臨沂) Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.

A. rose

B. have risen

C. rise

2.(2019安徽)—It's ten years since we came here

—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.

A. work

B. worked

C. will work

D. have worked

3.(2019江蘇泰州)---Have you ever been to Shanghai?

---Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.

A. worked

B. was working

C. would work

D. have worked

4.(2019湖北武漢). I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.

A. have enjoyed

B. enjoyed

C. enjoy

D.had enjoyed

5.(2019湖南郴州)---- Where is Mr. Green?

---- He the bookshop. You have to wait for him.

A. was going to

B. has gone to

C. has been to

6.(2019廣東) My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.

A. was working

B. is working

C. has worked

D. will work

7.(2019湖北襄陽).---- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon?

---Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip.

A. have gone to

B. have been to

C. had gone to

D. had been to

8.(2019湖北隨州)—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it?

—In July. I _____it for two weeks.

A.had

B. have had

C. have bought

D. bought

9.(2019江蘇淮安) ---Where are the teachers now?

--- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.

A. have begun

B. have been on

C. have had

D. have been held

10.(2019湖北黃岡)---Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days.

---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.

A. has gone to

B. has been to

C. have gone to

D. have been to

11.(2019湖南長沙)I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.

A.am living

B.lived

C.have lived

12.(2019四川眉山)---Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?

---Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she there.

A. been;will get

B. been;gets

C. gone;will get

D. gone;gets

13.(2019四川眉山)---Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?

--- In October. I it for two months.

A. had

B. bought

C. have had

D. have bought

14.(2019福建)---Look! My mother _____ a new dress for me.

----Wow, it looks very nice on you.

A.is making

B.has made

C.will make

15.(2019呼和浩特)The shop in Wanda Square _____ for six years, but I _____ there so far.

A.has opened; haven’t gone

B.has been open; haven’t been

C.has been open; haven’t gone

D.has been opened; haven’t been

16.(2019湖南湘潭)---Have you ever _____ the Terracotta Army in Xi’an ?

----Yes. I went there last year.

A.gone to

B.been to

C.been in

17.(2019北京)Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.

A. changes

B. changed

C. will change

D. has changed

18.(2019湖北宜昌)----What progress Huawei _____ in recent years!

----No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.

A.is making

B.has made

C. makes

D. made

19.(2019貴州畢節(jié))---How many letters you to your mother?

--- 109 in all, since 2016.

A. has, written

B. have, written

C. did, write

D. are, writing

20.(2019湖南湘西)---_____ you ever ______ Hong Kong --Zhuhai ____Macao Bridge ?

---Not yet.

A.Did; visit

B.Are; visit

C.Have , visited

21.(2019哈爾濱)---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____ the Bird’s Nest ?

----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.

A.Have, been to

B.Have, gone to

C. Did, go to

22.(2019黑龍江齊齊哈爾)As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar for one and a half years.

A.has been to

B.has been in

C.has gone to

23(2019四川廣元)---How long have you__________ your cap? It looks cool.

---About two weeks.

A. borrowed

B. bought

C. had

24.(2019貴陽)Today, all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue. It ____ one of China’s national treasure.

A.becomes

B.became

C.has become

25(2019貴州黔西南)----How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother?

----109in all, since 2016

A.has, written

B.have; written

C.did; write

D.are ; writing

四、完成句子

1.(2019四川達(dá)州)China has been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects.

______ China ______ able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects?

2.(2019遼寧盤錦)布朗(Brown) 一家人已經(jīng)在上海生活10年了

3.(遼寧鐵嶺)復(fù)仇者聯(lián)盟4》已經(jīng)上映兩個月了。

Avengers:Endgame for two months.

4.(2019遼寧遼陽)他們已經(jīng)采取行動挽救野生動物了嗎?

Have they _____ to save wild animals yet?

Key

一、

1.heard, 2eaten, 3since

二、

1.has sold,

2.have had a fever

3.haven’t changed

4.been

5.has kept

6.haven’t been

7.have finished

三、

1---5BDDAB;

6---10CABBA;

11--15CDCBD;

16--20BDBBC;

21--25ABCCB

四、

1.Has, been

2.The Browns/ The Brown family have been/ lived in Shanghai for 10 years/ since 10 years ago.

3.has been on

4.taken action

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