2023年初中英語提分必備：名詞詳解+考點專練

考點一：可數(shù)名詞 & 不可數(shù)名詞

1. 單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化

★可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式需專門記憶，常見的有man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, foot→feet等。還有一些單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。

溫馨提示：

(1)由man構(gòu)成的表示某國人復(fù)數(shù)的變化形式：Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen, German→Germans。

(2)名詞修飾名詞時，若前面的名詞是man和woman，變復(fù)數(shù)時，兩個名詞同時變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式(如a woman teacher→two women teachers);如果是其他名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時，只需把后面的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式(如a girl student→two girl students)。

(3)由“數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞(+連字符+形容詞)”構(gòu)成的合成形容詞作定語時，該名詞用單數(shù)形式，如two-day holiday(=two days' holiday)，也可以表示為two day(s) holiday，但在中考選擇題中優(yōu)先選擇前兩種表達形式。

★不可數(shù)名詞沒有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。但若要表示不可數(shù)名詞的量，通常可用相應(yīng)的單位詞，如piece, cup, bowl, bottle等，復(fù)數(shù)形式常體現(xiàn)在單位詞上，如two bottles of yogurt。

2. 修飾詞

3. 對數(shù)量提問使用的疑問詞

★對可數(shù)名詞的量提問時用how many。

★對不可數(shù)名詞的量提問時用how much。

4. 兼作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的名詞

這類名詞需在句中根據(jù)語法及句意判斷是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，如glass(玻璃)→a glass(玻璃杯)，chicken(雞肉) →a chicken(小雞)，orange(橙汁) →an orange(橙子)。

【�？键c示例】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇

( )1. —Mom, please give me two ______. I want to make vegetable salad.

—OK. Here you are.

A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos

( )2. There are a lot of ______ on the grassland. ______ sheep-dog is sitting next to them.

A. sheep; The B. sheep; A C. sheeps; The D. sheeps; A

( )3. Many ______ are playing an active part in making Kunming a civilized city (文明城市).

A. man B. woman C. volunteer D. volunteers

( )4. The broken ______ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.

A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles

( )5. —Are you thirsty?

—Yes, please give us ______.

A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters

( )6. I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few ______ there.

A. man nurses B. men nurse C. men nurses

( )7. I can give you lots of ______ on how to improve your speaking skills.

A. advice B. way C. idea

( )8. We all expect the ______ summer holiday after the exam.

A. two month B. two-month C. two-months D. two months

( )9. —I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.

—______ days would you be at sea? Homesick?

How long B. How many C. How much D. How soon

Ⅱ. 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空

1. Many _______(hero) have set good examples for us to follow.

2. My parents are _______(German), but they need to live and work in England.

3. Look! So many _______(girl) students are enjoying themselves on the playground.

4. Would you like to eat some _______(orange) or drink some _______(orange) juice?

5. How much _______(sugar) did you put in your coffee?

6. This supermarket has 700 free parking _______(space). But now there is no _______(space) for the car.

7. We have a 7-_______(day) holiday. We want to stay at home to relax.

考點二：名詞詞義辨析

解題關(guān)鍵：通過分析具體的語境來辨析名詞的詞義。

【�？键c示例】

單項選擇

( )1. —What's your ______ to English learning, Lin Tao?

—I think watching English movies is helpful.

A. Place B. age C. time D. secret

( )2. —The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.

—Don't worry. You can enjoy yourself. It's my ______.

A. time B. treat C. task D. taste

( )3. We believe One Belt, One Road (一帶一路) will help China improve the ______ with lots of countries.

A. relationship B. situation C. environment

( )4. —It's his new book, but I think it is more interesting than his other books.

—I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest ______.

A. choice B. standard C. purpose D. wealth

考點三：名詞所有格(’s所有格和of所有格)

1. 單數(shù)名詞、人名和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格通常在詞尾加's;以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格在詞尾加'。

2. 用and連接兩個并列名詞，如果表示兩者共同擁有，只在第二個名詞后加's 即可;如果表示兩者各自擁有，則每個名詞后都加's。

3. 表示時間、距離、價格、國家、城市等無生命的事物的名詞，可在詞尾加's 或' 來構(gòu)成所有格(如yesterday's newspaper, five kilometers' distance, America's flag)。其他表示無生命的事物的名詞，一般用“of+名詞”來表示，作后置定語(如the face of a clock)。

【�？键c示例】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇

( )1. “It depends on my ______ decision,” the mother said and looked at her two sons.

A. children B. children's C. child D. child's

( )2. —How far is your home from the train station?

—It's about 20 ______ walk.

A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'

( )3. ______ mother works in St. Mary's Hospital.

A. Jim and Bob B. Jim's and Bob's C. Jim and Bob's

( )4. The online shop sells ______ shoes at a very low price.

A. child and men's B. children and men's C. children's and men D. children's and men's

Ⅱ. 用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空

1. The _______ faces were a sight, covered with dust. (boy)

2. _____(teacher) Day is coming. I will get my Chinese, math, English _______(teacher) some flowers.

3. This is _______(Tom and Jack) bedroom. It's tidy and nice.

4. _______(Lucy and Lily) mothers didn't come to this meeting, because they had an more important meeting.

5. The station is about two _______(hour) walk from my home.

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