2022年初中英語直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換方法

直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應(yīng)變動。人稱代詞的變動情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語中的變化相同�？捎涀∫粋�口訣：“一主、二賓、三不變”。即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。

1當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時

直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如：

She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”

→She said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.

2當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時

1、原句若為一般疑問句時，用whether或if 轉(zhuǎn)述;原句若為選擇疑問句時，用whether…or…/…or not;原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if 轉(zhuǎn)述。

2、疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。

3、主句中的謂語動詞為said時，要改為asked;沒有間接賓語時，可以加一個間接賓語(如me，him等)。

4、句末用句號。

5、從句中的人稱、動詞時態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。

He said, “Are you interested in English?”

→He asked (me) if /whether I was interested in English.

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

“You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.

→She asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.

3當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時

如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況2—5條一樣。例如：

“What is your name?” he asked me.

→He asked me what my name was.

He asked: “Where are you to get off, Peter?”

→He asked Peter where he was to get off.

如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化。例如：

“Whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?” asked the boy’s father.

→The boy’s father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.

4當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時

直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)“主語+asked/advised sb. (not) to do sth.”。

1、需將原祈使句中謂語動詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。

2、原主句謂語動詞said須改為asked，told，ordered，warned或advised等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補的及物動詞。

3、原句有“please”時，主句謂語多用asked(請求)，并去掉please。例如：

He said to me, “Shut the window, please.”

→He asked me to shut the window.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise.”

→He told us not to make so much noise.

如果以let開頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用“suggest + that從句”或“suggest doing”來轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：

“Let’s go to the cinema.” Tom said.

→Tom suggested that they (should) go to the cinema.

→Tom suggested going to the cinema.

5直接引語是感嘆句時

直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用that引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。例如：

She said, “What a lovely day it is!”

→She said what a lovely day it was.

→She said that it was a lovely day.

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