初中英語(yǔ)--賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容：賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
1、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各種連詞
2、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
3、掌握賓語(yǔ)從句，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。
重點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)
難點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng);與疑問詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化;與狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析
考點(diǎn)梳理：
一、 賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞：
1、 連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2、 連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作是否解，在口語(yǔ)中多用if。
eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3、 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義
。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以和疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。
eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.
二、 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序：
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，即連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它成分。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)
構(gòu)。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)
陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語(yǔ)序不變。 eg. She said, I will leave a message on the desk. She said
she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語(yǔ)序。Eg. Where are the tickets? I asked him.
I asked him where the tickets are.
三、 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：
賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的制約，此為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不受
限制;如果主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí))。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )
【注意】當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí)，不管主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
四、 其他需要說明的問題：
1、 標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號(hào);是疑問句則用問號(hào)。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、 要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
▲五、 賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分：
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
2) I dont know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句表示條件，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從
句，充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞dont know的賓語(yǔ)。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達(dá)。
判斷方法：
1、可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(個(gè)別除外)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。
2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為是否，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為如果。when充當(dāng)
賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為什么時(shí)候， 充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候
3.從時(shí)態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句要注意：從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連
詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.
An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.
They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend
Could you tell me when (什么時(shí)候)the train arrives ?
Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.
=If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.
They knew each other when(當(dāng)時(shí)候)they were children.
=When they were children
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