過去完成時(shí)的用法
1) 概念：表示過去的過去
----|-------|-----|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a. 在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had ever been to Paris.
她說她曾去過巴黎
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.
當(dāng)警察趕到時(shí)，小偷已經(jīng)跑了
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有
3) 過去 完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
他說他以前學(xué)過一些英語
By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.
在他十二歲的時(shí)候，愛迪生就開始自己謀生了
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了，大多數(shù)客人都當(dāng)他到達(dá)晚會(huì)離開
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written,left B，were writing,has left C. had written,had left D. were writing,had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意： had no … when 還沒等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
一般過去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)
1) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。
When she saw the mouse，she screamed.
當(dāng)她看到老鼠，她尖叫
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
我的阿姨給了我一頂帽子，我把它弄丟了
2 ) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過去完成時(shí)。
When I heard the news,I was very excited.
當(dāng)我聽到這個(gè)消息，我很興奮
3) 敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過去時(shí)。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
我們的老師告訴我們，哥倫布1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)
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