人教版初中英語九年級第五單元語法

被動語態(tài)

(一)語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。

Many people speak Chinese.

謂語：speak 的動作是由主語 many people 來執(zhí)行的。

被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。

Chinese is spoken by many people.

主語 English 是動詞 speak 的承受者。

(二)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由 “助動詞 be+及物動詞的過去分詞” 構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過 be 的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。

現(xiàn)以speak 為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+spoken

一般過去時：was/were+spoken

一般將來時：will/shall be+spoken

現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are being+spoken

過去進行時：was/were being+spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been+spoken

過去完成時：had been + spoken

（三）被動語態(tài)的用法

(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道是誰偷的)

He is often asked to sing songs.

經(jīng)常有人叫他唱歌。

(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：

The glass was broken by Mike.

玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.

這本書是他寫的。

Your homework must be finished on time.

你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。

（四）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法

(1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。

(2)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定 be 的形式)。

(3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞 by 之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。

All the people laughed at him.

→ He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

→ The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

→ A tree was cut down by him.

歌訣總結(jié):

主動變被動，方法要記清;

首先賓變主，然后變謂語:

主語變賓語,有時可省略;

其他留原處,一般不用變。

(五)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由 “情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞” 構(gòu)成。

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

(六)特殊情況

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

→I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

→(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

→(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

1.---Do you think Shanghai is a _______ city?

---Certainly. It has beautiful buildings, tidy streets and hard-working people.

likely B. lonely

lively D. lately

答案：C

2.—Shijiazhuang is becoming much more beautiful.

—Yes. Many trees and flowers _______ in our city every year.

are planting B. are planted

were planting D. were planted

答案：B

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