中考英語語法幾大基本時態(tài)與練習

　　一.一般現(xiàn)在時

　　（一）一般現(xiàn)在時含義

　　1)經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

　　e.g.  I go to school on foot.  He is very busy now.

　　2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。

　　e.g. He can swim.  I work hard. I like watching TV.

　　3)表示客觀真理

　　e.g. There are seven days in aweek.  The moon moves round the earth.

　�。ǘ�）結(jié)構(gòu)與句型

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序，即“主語+謂語+其它”，有時為了起強調(diào)作用，時間狀語也可提前.

　　其句式變化可分為兩種情況

　　1)表示動作， 一般人稱作主語的，變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞don’t；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞do。E.g.  They have lunch at12:00.  They don’thave lunch at 12:00.   Do they have lunchat 12:00?

　　2）單三人稱做主語的，變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞doesn’t；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞does。

　　Jenny speaks English verywell.

　　Jenny doesn’t speakEnglish very well.

　　Does Jenny speak English verywell?

　　含有be動詞的要在be上做變化.

　　Danny is a good student.

　　Danny isn’t a goodstudent.

　　Is Danny a good student?

　　其時間狀語為often、usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoonevening)  、everyday 等。

　�。ㄈ�）學生常見錯誤如下：

　　1、be動詞與行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在句子中

　　例：We are plant  (plant) the trees in spring.

　　答案：plant

　　解析：學生往往會用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學習英語最忌諱的，要看語法是不是正確，在英語中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動作，兩種動詞不能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：“英漢語言有差異，be 、do不能放一起，仔細琢磨細分析，語法千萬要牢記。”

　　自我檢測：

　　(1)單選

　　1) Jenny ____ in an office.  Her parents ____in a hospital.

　　A work; works     B works; work  C work; are working  D  is working; work

　　2) One of the boys_____ a black hat.

　　A have   B there is  C there are  D has

　　3 )We will go shopping if it____tomorrow.

　　A don't rain  Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain  Disn't rain

　　4 )He said the sun ____in the eastand ____in the west.

　　A rose; set   B rises; sets  C rises, set D rise; sets

　　5) Wang Mei ____ music and often ____to music.

　　A like; listen    B likes; listens     C like; are listening    D liking ; listen

　　6) Jenny____ English every evening.

　　A has study  B studies C study  D studied

　　答案：1. B  2.D  3.C  4.B  5.B  6.B

　　(2)1 )I can take Li Ming therewhen he _____  ( come) to visit.

　　2) _____yoursister_____(know)English?

　　3)Her home____  _____ ______(遠離 )her school.

　　4)The pot_____(not look) like yoursvery much.

　　5) Where _____you____(have)lunchevery day?

　　6) Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?

　　7) ______she_____(do) the houseworkevery day?

　　8) Jenny and Dannyusually______(play) games in the afternoon .

　　答案：1 comes   2 Does know  3 is away from  4 doesn't look

　　2、單三人稱形式易出錯

　　例：

　　1) He plaies (play)football very well.

　　2) Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.

　　答案：1) plays  2) goes

　　解析：1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es；2)與名詞變復數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.

　　3、在句式變換時易出錯

　　例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a goodfriend?

　　2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.

　　答案：1 Does  have   2 doesn’t live

　　解析：單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時，可記住如下口訣：“見助動，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.

　　4、對do的理解易出錯

　　例：We don’t(not do) our homework in the afternoon.

　　答案：don’t do

　　解析：do是一個比較難理解的詞，它有三個含義:  a)是所有行為動詞的總稱；b)是助動詞，無實義；c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌�故須在do前加助動詞don’t。

　　5、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤

　　例：Li Ming with me are (be) inBeijing.

　　答案: is

　　解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語，故用is.

　　另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時；在時間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時練習

　　一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)

　　talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say______

　　buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take______

　　love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______shine_______

　　leave_____wake_______ride_______write_______hike______give______see______swim______stop______shop_______plan______get_______sit_______let_______

　　cut_______run_______forget_______begin_______wash_____watch_______

　　finish______teach_____fish_______reach_______go_______do_____

　　二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。

　　1. He often ________(have)dinner at home.

　　2. Daniel and Tommy_______(be) in Class One.

　　3. We _______(not watch) TV onMonday.

　　4. Nick _______(not go) to thezoo on Sunday.

　　5. ______ they ________(like)the World Cup?

　　6. What _______they often_______(do) on Saturdays?

　　7. _______ your parents_______(read) newspapers every day?

　　8. The girl _______(teach) usEnglish on Sundays.

　　9. She and I ________(take) awalk together every evening.

　　10. There ________(be) somewater in the bottle.

　　11. Mike _______(like)cooking.

　　12. They _______(have) thesame hobby.

　　13. My aunt _______(look)after her baby carefully.

　　14. You always _______(do)your homework well.

　　15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying inbed.

　　16. She _______(go) to schoolfrom Monday to Friday.

　　17. Liu Tao _______(do) notlike PE.

　　18. The child often_______(watch) TV in the evening.

　　19. Su Hai and Su Yang_______(have) eight lessons this term.

　　20.  －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.

　　21 We often ___________ (play)in the playground.

　　22. He _________ (get) up atsix o'clock.

　　23. ________ you __________(brush) your teeth every morning?

　　24. What ________(do) heusually ________ (do) after school?

　　25. Danny ____________ (study)English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.

　　26. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.

　　27. At eight at night, she____________ (watch) TV with her parents.

　　28. ________ Mike _________(read) English every day?

　　29. How many lessons _________your classmate _________ (have) on Monday?

　　30.What time _________ hismother _________ (do) the housework?

　　三、按照要求改寫句子

　　1. Daniel watches TV everyevening.(改為否定句)_________________________

　　2. I do my homework everyday.(改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)

　　________________________________________________________

　　3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答)

　　___________________________

　　4. Amy likes playing computergames.(改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)

　　___________________________________________________

　　5. We go to school everymorning.(改為否定句)____________________________

　　6. He speaks English verywell.(改為否定句)________________________

　　7. I like taking photos in thepark.(對劃線部分提問)__________________________

　　8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)____________________________

　　9. She is always a goodstudent.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)

　　________________________________________________________

　　10. Simon and Daniel likegoing skating.(改為否定句)

　　11. Do you often play footballafter school?  (肯定回答)_______________

　　12. I have many books. （改為否定句）_________________________

　　13. Gao Shan's sister likesplaying table tennis.（改為否定句）_________________

　　14. She lives in a small townnear New York. （改為一般疑問句）_________________

　　15. I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問句）___________________________

　　16. David has got a goal. （改為一般疑問句）_________________________

　　17. We have four lessons.（改為否定句）____________________________

　　18. Nancy doesn't run fast. （改為肯定句）_________________________

　　19. My dog runs fast. 否定句：______________一般疑問句：________________

　　20. Mike has two letters forhim.一般疑問句：_______________ 否定句：________

　　21. I usually play football onFriday afternoon.

　　否定句: ________________       一般疑問句:_____________

　　劃線提問____________________

　　22. Sun Yang usually washessome clothes on Saturday.

　　否定句: _____________ 一般疑問句: ________________劃線提問: ____________

　　23. Mingming usually watersthe flowers every day.

　　否定句: ________________ 一般疑問句: _____________劃線提問 _____________

　　24. Tom does his homework athome.

　　否定句: ______________  一般疑問句: ____________劃線提問_____________

　　四、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)

　　1. Is  your brother speak English?      __________________

　　2. Does he likes goingfishing?          __________________

　　3. He likes play games afterclass.      __________________

　　4. Mr. Wu teachs usEnglish.             __________________

　　5. She don’t do herhomework on Sundays. _________________

　　參考答案：

　　一、略

　　二、1 has 2 are 3 doesn’t watch 4 doesn’t go 5 Do like  6 do do 7 Do read

　　8 teaches  9 take 10 is  11 likes 12 have 13 look/islooking 14 do

　　15 am 16 goes 17 does 18watches 19 have 20 is 21 play 22 gets 23 Do brush

　　24 does do 25 studies 26 goes27 watches 28 Does read 29 does have 30 does do

　　三、略

　　四、1. Is---Does  2. likes---like  3. play---playing  4. teachs---teaches

　　5. don’t --- doesn’t

　　二、現(xiàn)在進行時

　　（一）含義：

　　1、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)“此時此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.

　　2、當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。E.g. They are working these days.

　　3、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時，表預定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。E.g I am coming.

　�。ǘ�）結(jié)構(gòu)與句型

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)為be+現(xiàn)在分詞. 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有：

　　1、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing,  E.g. jump

　　2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have  write

　　3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put

　　其句式變換都在be上

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