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初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(3)

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2020-01-19 13:53:55

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  4. start teaching  開(kāi)始教學(xué)

  5. go off  響鈴

  6. rush out the door 沖出房門(mén)

  7. give sb a lift  捎某人一程

  8. miss both events  錯(cuò)過(guò)兩個(gè)事件

  9. be about to do sth  正要做某事

  10. stare in disbelief at  難以置信地盯著

  11. raise above the burning building 從正在燃燒的樓上升起

  12. jump out of bed 跳下床

  13. collect the math homework 收數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)

  14. show up 趕到,出現(xiàn)

  【重點(diǎn)句型】

  1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.

  當(dāng)我起床時(shí),我哥哥已經(jīng)進(jìn)了浴室了。

  2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone.

  當(dāng)我出來(lái)時(shí),公汽已經(jīng)走了。

  3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.

  當(dāng)我到達(dá)學(xué)校時(shí),我才意識(shí)到我把背包忘在家里了。

  4. By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.

  當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí),老師已經(jīng)開(kāi)始講課了。

  5. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up.

  當(dāng)我到達(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí), 其他的每個(gè)人都已經(jīng)到了。

  6. When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans.

  當(dāng)他把面條放進(jìn)碗里時(shí),他意識(shí)到他忘了添加綠豆莢了。

  7. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.

  在她得到一個(gè)向他告別的機(jī)會(huì)之前,他已經(jīng)進(jìn)入樓房了。

  【考點(diǎn)詳解】

  1. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.

  當(dāng)我出來(lái)的時(shí)候,公共汽車(chē)已經(jīng)走了。

  by the time作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);當(dāng)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)。

  如:By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself. 等到了十歲的時(shí)候,湯姆自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

  I’ll be in bed by the time you get home. 你到家時(shí),我已經(jīng)上床睡覺(jué)了。

  2. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.

  當(dāng)她到學(xué)校時(shí),她意識(shí)到她把背包忘在家里了。

  表示“把某物忘在某處”要用詞組leave sth in/on/at...

  如:I've left my umbrella at home. 我把傘忘在家里了。

  I left my book on the desk. 我把書(shū)忘在桌子上。

  forget意為“遺忘某物”,指忘記一件具體的東西,但不能有具體的地點(diǎn)。

  如:I forgot my umbrella yesterday. 我昨天忘了帶傘。

  Don't forget the cases.  別忘了帶箱子。

  3. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party.

  上周五晚上,我朋友邀請(qǐng)我參加他的生日晚會(huì)。

  invite sb. to a place(或一活動(dòng)、聚會(huì)) 意為“邀請(qǐng)某人到某一地方或參加某一活動(dòng)”;而invite sb to do sth. 意為“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”。

  如:I think we have many friends now, and we must invite them to our place.

  我想我們現(xiàn)在有很多朋友了, 我們也應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)他們到我們家做客。

  Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.

  基蒂的老師吳老師邀請(qǐng)我參加了去世界公園的學(xué)校郊游活動(dòng)。

  4. Wells made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story and fear spread across the whole country.

  威爾斯講述這個(gè)新聞起來(lái)如此的真實(shí),以致成百上千的人都相信了這個(gè)故事,進(jìn)而引發(fā)了全國(guó)性的恐慌。

  so…that...在此引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,so后面應(yīng)加一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,意為“如此……以至于……”。

  如:This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it. 這本書(shū)是如此的有趣以至于全班同學(xué)都想看看。(so+形容詞)

  He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得那么快,以至于我跟不上他。(so+副詞)

  【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】

  比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的異同

  1. 共同點(diǎn):動(dòng)作都是在過(guò)去完成。

  I saw the film yesterday evening.

  I have seen the film before.

 。ǹ措娪斑@件事都是在過(guò)去完成的。)

  2. 區(qū)別:

 、佻F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系,只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去。

 、谝话氵^(guò)去時(shí)通常與具體明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago,just now,in 2002 等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

  Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!

  【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】

  1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部

  2. be full of the rubbish 充滿了垃圾

  3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中

  4. play a part in cleaning it up 盡一份力把它清理干凈

  5. land pollution  土地污染

  6. fill the air with black smoke  使空氣中充滿了黑煙

  7. cut down air pollution  減少空氣污染

  8. make a difference  產(chǎn)生影響

  9. take action  采取行動(dòng)

  10. turn off  關(guān)掉

  11. pay for 付費(fèi)

  12. add up 累加

  13. use public transportation 使用公共交通

  14. recycle books and paper  回收書(shū)和廢紙

  15. use paper napkins  使用紙巾

  16. turn off the shower 關(guān)掉噴頭

  17. ride in cars 開(kāi)車(chē)出行

  【重點(diǎn)句型】

  1. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.

  甚至河底都充滿垃圾。

  2. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up.

  城里的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡一份力把它清理干凈。

  3. The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days.

  空氣被嚴(yán)重污染因?yàn)槿缃衤飞系钠?chē)太多了。

  4. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.

  為了減少空氣污染,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開(kāi)車(chē)。

  5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky.

  我過(guò)去能在天空中看到星星。

  6. The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried.

  這兒的空氣真的已經(jīng)被污染了,我非常擔(dān)心。

  7. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.

  沒(méi)有科學(xué)研究說(shuō)明魚(yú)鰭對(duì)人們的健康有好處。

  【考點(diǎn)詳解】

  1. pay的基本用法

  (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(qián)(給某人)買(mǎi)……

  例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租。

 。2)pay for sth. 付……的錢(qián)。

  例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書(shū)款。

 。3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢(qián)。

  例:Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 別擔(dān)心,我會(huì)給你付錢(qián)的。

 。4)pay sb. 付錢(qián)給某人。

  例:They pay us every month. 他們每月給我們報(bào)酬。

 。5)pay money back 還錢(qián)。

  例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢(qián)嗎?下周還你。

 。6)pay off one's money 還清錢(qián)。

  2. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 這種方法不僅殘酷,而且對(duì)環(huán)境有害。

 。1)not only…but also…意為“不僅……而且……”用于連接兩個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的成分,著重強(qiáng)調(diào)后者,其中的also有時(shí)可以省略。

  如:She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不僅很會(huì)演奏,而且還會(huì)作曲。

  He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不僅是自編劇本, 還飾演其中的角色。

  He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不僅平時(shí)工作,星期日也工作。

 。2)若連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)通常與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

  如:Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得離開(kāi)。

 。3)若連接兩個(gè)句子,not only后面的句子要用倒裝。

  如:Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不僅說(shuō)得更正確,而且講得更不費(fèi)勁了。

  【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】

  動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法

  To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 為了減少空氣污染,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開(kāi)車(chē)。

  本句中To cut down air pollution是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。

  1. 不定式和不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)

  不定式和不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ),主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的。為了使目的意義更加清楚或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義時(shí),還可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。

  例如:I've written it down in order not to forget.

  He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.

  在句子中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)的不定式或不定式短語(yǔ),表示的是主語(yǔ)的目的,因此,其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)。比較:

  To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正)

  To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(誤)

  由 in order to 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ),既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由 so as to 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ),只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比較:

  They started early in order to get there in time.(正)

  In order to get there in time, they started early.(正)

  They started early so as to get there in time.(正)

  So as to get there in time, they started early.(誤)

  2. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ)

  當(dāng)不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)有自己的執(zhí)行者時(shí),要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(即在不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)之前加 for + 名詞或賓格代詞)作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

  He opened the door for the children to come in.

  She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.

  3. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換

  英語(yǔ)中的目的狀語(yǔ)從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡(jiǎn)化。可分為兩種情況:

  (1)當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),可以直接簡(jiǎn)化為不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

  We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.

  We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.

  (2)當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí),要用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

  I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.

  I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.

  Unit14 I remember meeting ... Grade 7.

  【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】

  1. win a prize 獲獎(jiǎng)

  2. do a school survey 做一個(gè)學(xué)校調(diào)查

  3. meet the standard of a strict teacher 滿足一位要求嚴(yán)格的老師的要求

  4. meet this group of friends 遇到這群朋友

  5. score two goals in a row 連續(xù)踢進(jìn)兩個(gè)球

  6. learn to play the keyboard 學(xué)會(huì)彈鋼琴

  7. be patient with sb 對(duì)……有耐心

  8. work out the answer yourself 自己找出答案

  9. guide sb to do sth 指導(dǎo)某人做某事

  10. put in more effort 更加努力

  11. look back at  回首

  12. pride of overcoming fear 克服恐懼感的自豪

  13. make a great big mess 弄得一團(tuán)糟

  14. keep my cool 保持我的清高

  15. try to be on time for morning reading 盡力趕上早讀

  16. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事

  17. join the school swim team 加入學(xué)校游泳隊(duì)

  18. get a business degree  取得一個(gè)商業(yè)學(xué)位

  【重點(diǎn)句型】

  1. ---What happened in Grade7 that was special? 在七年級(jí)時(shí)發(fā)什么了什么特別的事?

  ---Our team won the school basketball competition. 我們隊(duì)贏了學(xué)校的藍(lán)球比賽。

  2. ---How have you changed since you started junior high school? 你上中學(xué)后有什么變化?

  ---I've become much better at speaking English.  我在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)上比以前更好。

  3. How do you think things will be different in senior high school? 你認(rèn)為在高中會(huì)有什么不同?

  ---I think that I'll have to study much harder for exams. 我想我將更加為考試努力學(xué)習(xí)。

  4. ---What are your plans for next year? 你明年的計(jì)劃是什么?

  ---I'm going to join the school volleyball team. 我將加入學(xué)校排球隊(duì)。

  5. ---What do you remember about Grade 8. 關(guān)于八年級(jí)你記得什么?

  ---I remember being a volunteer. 我記得當(dāng)一名志愿者。

  6. ---What do you use to do that you don't do now? 你以前做而現(xiàn)在不做的事是什么?

  ---I used to take dance lessons, but I don't anymore. 我以前上舞蹈課,但現(xiàn)在不上了。

  7. ---What are you looking forward to? 你期望做什么?

  ---I'm looking forward to going to senior high school. 我期望上高中。

  【考點(diǎn)詳解】

  1. She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were.

  她幫助你自己算出答案,無(wú)論它們有多難。

  no matter常與疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞一起構(gòu)成連詞詞組引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“不管……,無(wú)論……”,在運(yùn)用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

 。1)注意從句的時(shí)態(tài)

  由no matter what/who/where/when引導(dǎo)的從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 無(wú)論你是誰(shuí),都應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。

 。2)注意被修飾的名詞、形容詞以及副詞的位置

  no matter what/whose/which修飾名詞時(shí),該名詞必須緊跟其后;no matter how修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),該形容詞或副詞也必須緊跟其后。

  如:No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 無(wú)論他多么努力工作,卻總是入不敷出。

  (3)注意“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”在用法上的區(qū)別:

 、“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,這時(shí)可以和“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”互換。

  如:No matter where he may be (=Wherever he may be), he will be happy. 他無(wú)論在什么地方都快樂(lè)。

 、 而“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。

  如:Give this book to whoever likes it. 誰(shuí)喜歡這本書(shū)就給誰(shuí)吧。(這里不能用no matter who)

  ③ whoever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又有在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等;whomever也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但只能在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。

  如:You may invite whomever you like.

  2.  caring adj. 體貼人的

  如:I will miss the school trees and flowers and our kind and caring teachers. 我會(huì)懷念學(xué)校的樹(shù)木花草以及我們善良,體貼的老師。

  3. go ahead, 注意以下用法:

 。1)表示同意或允許,意為“說(shuō)吧”、“做吧”

  A:May I start? 我可以開(kāi)始了嗎?

  B:Yes, go ahead. 好,開(kāi)始吧。

 。2)表示繼續(xù)做某事,意為“繼續(xù)…吧”

  Go ahead. We are all listening. 繼續(xù)講吧,我們都在聽(tīng)呢!

  4. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn't forget where you came from. 當(dāng)你出發(fā)踏上你的新的旅程時(shí),不要望了你來(lái)自哪里。

  set out 意為“出發(fā);開(kāi)始;陳述”。

  例句:The professor sets out his ideas clearly in his article. 在這篇文章中教授清楚地表明了自己的想法。

  set的用法:

 。1)set about sth./doing sth. 著手做某事

  如:We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.

  我們以極大的熱情立即著手這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

 。2)set aside 放在一邊,擱置;存蓄,留下

  如:My parents set aside a bit of money every month.

  我的父母每個(gè)月都存點(diǎn)錢(qián)。

 。3)set off 動(dòng)身,出發(fā);燃放(鞭炮等),使……爆炸或發(fā)出響聲

  如:After we had finished eating, he proposed to set off immediately.

  我們吃完飯后,他建議立即動(dòng)身。

  (4)set out 動(dòng)身,出發(fā);set out to do sth. 打算或著手做某事。

  如:They set out as the sun was rising.

  太陽(yáng)升起時(shí),他們就出發(fā)了。

 。5)set up 豎起來(lái),支起來(lái);建立,成立。

  如:The school has set up a special class to help slow students.

  學(xué)校成立了一個(gè)特殊的班級(jí),幫助那些后進(jìn)生。

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