專題十三 賓語從句
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一、什么是賓語從句
在句中充當賓語的從句叫作賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。
二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1、 that 無實意，用來引導(dǎo)陳述句的賓語從句，口語中常省略。例如：
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告訴我她去過香港兩次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道這些游客來自澳大利亞。
2、if或whether這兩個詞是“是否”的意思，主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句或選擇問句的賓語從句，口語中多用if，不能省略。例如：
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他問我是否去過北京兩次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑問詞when ，where，who，how等，這類詞通常引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的賓語從句。例如：
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告訴我怎樣才能找到王先生嗎?
Please find out who broke the window.請查一下是誰打爛窗戶的。
三、賓語從句的語序
凡是從句都必須使用“主語在前，謂語在后”的陳述語序，賓語從句也不例外，也就是說賓語從句的語序必須是“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其它”。例如：
誤：Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正：Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、賓語從句的時態(tài)一致
1、 當主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以根據(jù)需要選擇相應(yīng)的時態(tài)，不受主句的影響;主句為一般過去時，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。例如：
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨幾點鐘吃早飯的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他們將會告訴我們他們已經(jīng)能照顧自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我問那時我爸爸在干什么?
2、 當賓語從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象是，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的時態(tài)的影響，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他說月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她問光速是否比聲速快。
五、賓語從句的簡化
由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的主語與主句的主語或賓語相同時常�？梢詫①e語從句簡化成“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。有時候由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句也可以用動詞不定式或者動詞的ing形式來簡化。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移及其它
1、當I think/believe/guess等一些看法的詞后面所接的賓語從句是否定句時，習(xí)慣上否定主句，采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的賓語從句”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。如：
我認為明天她不會來。
誤：I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正：I don’t think that she will come tomorrow.
2、 對I think/believe/guess等動詞后面所接的賓語從句進行劃線部分提問時，要用“疑問詞+do you think /believe/guess+賓語從句的剩余成分?”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。如：
你認為誰將在會上發(fā)言?
誤：Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正：Who do you think will speak at the meeting?
實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:
1—Could you tell me ______?
—It’s near the post office.
A. where is the bookstore
B. the bookstore is where
C. where the bookstore is
2.Many people are talking about this disease these days.
Could you tell me______?
A. how can I keep healthy B. how I can keep healthy
C. I can keep healthy
3. —Excuse me .Could you tell me____ I can get to the Space Museum?
—Of course. You can take bus No.1.
A.where B. how C .if
4—Do you know ______the girl in red is ?
—I’m not sure .Maybe a teacher.
A. when B. where C. what
5—What did your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do _____I think I should.
A. when B. that C. what
6.I hear Tom lives here ,but I’m not sure_____.
A. which room he lives in
B. which room does he live in
C. he live in which room
7.—We can use QQ to communicate with each other online.
—Good. Will you please show me_____.
A. which to use B. how to use it
C. where to use it
8.There are many people downstairs. What do you think____?
A. to happen B. happening
C. has happened
9.—Guess ______I did yesterday!
—I think you went to a party.
A. where B. when C. what
10—Do you think ____he should go to the music club or not?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. that B. what C. whether
11.They will be thankful for _____you have done.
A. what B. that C. which
12.—Where does Mr.Black live? Can you guess?
— Sorry, I can’t guess____.
A. where does he live B. where he live in
C. where he lives
13.Could you let me know _____ yesterday?
A. why did you come late B. why you came late
C. why do you come late
14.We are not sure if it ____ tomorrow. If it _____,our sports meeting will be put off.
A. will rain; rains B .rains; will rain
C. will rain; will rain
15.I want to know _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. what he will do B .what will he do
C .what he did
16. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. will take
17. Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. had never been
18. The students want to know whether they___ dictionary today.
A. had B. has C. will have
19. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can
20 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels
21. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when
22, I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when
23. I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which
24. She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
25. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B. where C. what
26. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B. when C. why
27. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A. whom B. which C. who
28. They don't know ______their parents are.
A. that B. what C. why
29. Please tell me ______last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C .where your sister worked
30. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is
31. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what
32. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for
33. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
34. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _he could buy the book on the table.
A. that B. how C. if
35. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how
36. —We never know _____ the old man is.
—They say he is Liming’s father.
A. who B. what C. which
37. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A. that how B. how that C. that when
38. —Where do you think _____ he _____ the computer?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy
39. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning.
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was
40. Could you tell me _______?
A. When will Mary come back
B. When Mary comes back
C. When Mary will come back
41. Lucy didn’t know________ .
A. if Joe will go to Beijing . B. why did Joe go to Beijing
C. if Joe would go to Beijing
42. --Oh, sorry, I'm a little late. I couldn't remember___________.
---That's all right.
A. when will the meeting begin B. when the meeting would begin
C. When would the meeting begin
43-----Could you tell me ?
-----Pardon? You mean the police station?
A. Where is the police station
B. Where the police are
C. How can I get to the police station
44.-----Excuse me, what does the teacher want to know?
------He wants to know ________________.
A. when will you finish your work
B. when you finish your work
C. when you will finish your work
45. The professor didn't know _____ the meeting.
A. when he will have B. when he would have C. when would he have
46. –Did Jenny call me just now?--Yes, she wondered _____ tonight.
A. when you will be free B. that you would be free C. if you would be free
47. Cooking dinner is difficult. Could you tell me _____?
A. what to do it B. how to do it C. where to go
48. He is not sure _____.
A. which coat he should buy B. which he should buy coat
C. what coat he buy
49. You can’t imagine _____ when she heard the good news.
A. how she was happy B. how happy she was C. she was how happy
50. Could you please tell me ____now?
A. where is Mary
B. where Mary is
C. where Mary was
參考答案
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