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2017年中考英語語法專題詳解十二

來源:網絡資源 作者:中考網整理 2019-08-11 09:14:09

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  專題十二 祈使句、感嘆句
 
  一、祈使句
 
  (一)、祈使句的結構及用法
 
  祈使句表請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。主語通常被省略,謂語動詞用原形,句末用感嘆號或句點。
 
  1. 肯定的祈使句
 
  (1)動詞原形+其他
 
  如: Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。
 
  但有時會在句首加上主語或加呼語,以便指明是向誰提出請求或發(fā)出命令。呼語常與句子隔開,動詞仍然用原形。
 
  如: Mary, clean the windows!And you boys,wash the floor!
 
  (2)Be + adj.
 
  如:Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!
 
  (3)Let's + 動詞原形
 
  如:Let’s go to school together.
 
  2. 否定的祈使句
 
  (1) Don't + 動詞原形
 
  如: Don't stand up. Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire.
 
  (2) Let's ( let sb ) + not + 動詞原形
 
  如: Let's not say anything about it.
 
  3.祈使句的反意疑問句
 
  (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分用will you 或won't you。
 
  如: Please open the door, will/ won’t you?
 
  (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分只用will you。
 
  如: Don't be late again, will you?
 
  (3) 以let's開頭的祈使句反意疑問句反問部分用shall we,let us開頭的祈使句的反意疑問句的反問部分應為will you或won't you.
 
  如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you?
 
  Let's turn on the TV, shall we?
 
  4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用謂語動詞表示外,還可用名詞、副詞、動詞短語等表示。如:Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up!
 
  5. 祈使句的強調形式。有時為了加強語氣,可以再動詞前加上do,表示“務必,一定”。
 
  如:Do be careful!
 
  (二)、祈使句用于兩個重要句型中
 
  1.“祈使句+and+表結果的陳述句”用來敘述肯定的條件。
 
  2.“祈使句+or(else)+表結果的陳述句”用來敘述否定的條件,or(else)表示“否則;要不然”。
 
  如:Hurry up , and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the train.)
 
  Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)
 
  二、感嘆句
 
  (一)感嘆句的結構及用法
 
  感嘆句是抒發(fā)強烈感情的句子,如歡樂、興奮、驚奇、憤怒、悲傷等,書面語中句末用感嘆號。常由what或者how引導,都表示“多么”。
 
  1、 what引導的感嘆句 what修飾名詞或名詞短語,有以下兩種形式:
 
  (1)What+a(an)+(形容詞)+單數可數名詞+(主語+謂語)!
 
  如: What a nice girl (she is)!
 
  What an interesting movie(it is)!
 
  (2)What+(形容詞)+可數名詞復數或不可數名詞+(主語+謂語)!
 
  如:What kind women they are!
 
  What nice music/bad weather/good news(it is)!
 
  2、how引導的感嘆句 how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。其結構有:
 
  (1)How+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語!
 
  如:How hard the workers work!
 
  How clever the girl is!
 
  注意:當how修飾動詞時,動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前。
 
  如:How fast the runner runs!
 
  (2)How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 主語+謂語。
 
  如:How clever a boy he is!
 
  (二)特殊形式的感嘆句
 
  1、在口語中常用省略句,有時只用一個詞或詞組。
 
  如:Great ! How cold ! Look out! What a fool! What a pity! My goodness!
 
  2、Here/There開頭的感嘆句:
 
  (1).Here/There+主語(代詞)+謂語
 
  如:Here he comes!
 
  (2).Here/There+謂語+主語(名詞)
 
  如:Here comes the bus!
 
  實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:
 
  1. ___ food you've cooked!
 
  A. How a nice  B. What a nice  C. What nice
 
  2. ___terrible weather we are having these days!
 
  A. What  B. What a   C. How
 
  3. --- __ ___ I had!
 
  --- You really had a lot.
 
  A. What a great time  B. What great time   C. How great time
 
  4. __________ he runs!
 
  A. How fast B. What fast C. What a fast
 
  5. The TV is too loud. Please________.
 
  A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turning down it
 
  6. _______ late again, Bill!
 
  A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be
 
  7. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
 
  A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't
 
  8. Please help me carry it, ___ ___?
 
  A. will I B. will you C. shall we
 
  9. Don't make so much noise, ____ __?
 
  A. will you B. won't you C. shall we
 
  10. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
 
  A. brings B. bring C. bringing
 
  11. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
 
  A. Telling B. To tell C. Tell
 
  12. ---________ nice girl Alice is!
 
  ---Yes, she is always ready to help others.
 
  A. What a B. How C. What
 
  13. ________ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO!
 
  A. What B. What an C. How
 
  14. __________ the lights when you leave a room.
 
  A. Turn off B. Turning off C. To turn off
 
  15. _______ tall the girl is! She is sure to become a good basketball player.
 
  A. How B. What a C. What
 
  16. ---Try not to be late for school next time.
 
  ---Sure, I ________.
 
  A. don’t B. won’t C. haven’t
 
  17. ___ ____she dances!
 
  A. How good B. How well C. What well
 
  18. _ _ __ bright girls they are!
 
  A. What B. What a C. How
 
  19. __ __ hard work it is!
 
  A. How B. What C. What a
 
  20. Please _ ___, they’re having a meeting.
 
  A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. no speaking
 
  21. ___ _ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.
 
  A. Not forget B. Forget not C Don’t forget
 
  22. Lucy, __ __ the door or someone will come in.
 
  A. close B. closes C. closing
 
  23. ___________play soccer in the streets. It’s too dangerous.
 
  A. Let’s B. Don’t C. Do
 
  24. __ __ friendly he is!
 
  A. What B. How C. What a
 
  25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___ _?
 
  A. won’t we B. will you C. shall we
 
  26. A sign with the words“__ __” is often found in a bus.
 
  A. No parking B. No smoking C. Turn Left
 
  27.___ __his father works!
 
  A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful
 
  28. ____ __heavy snow!
 
  A. What a B. What C. How
 
  29. _______the mooncakes are!
 
  A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious
 
  30. Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock.
 
  A. is sure that B. will be sure C. be sure
 
  31. Let us do it at once, ________ ?
 
  A. shall we B will you C do we
 
  32. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
 
  A . not B. don’t C. aren’t
 
  33. ______ tell a lie.
 
  A. Not B. No C. Never
 
  34. --You look very tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?
 
  -- All right.
 
  A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t
 
  35. They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
 
  A. not they B. no they C. don’t they
 
  36. ________ your child. We’ll look after him.
 
  A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about C. No worry about
 
  37. ________ talk any more! It’s time for class!
 
  A. Stop B. Don’t C. No
 
  38. _________ exciting news! We’ll have a long vacation after the exam.
 
  A. How B. What an C. What
 
  39. __________ speak loudly in the movie theater.
 
  A. Can’t B. Don’t C. Not
 
  40. It’s 7:30 now. Let’s ________ work.
 
  A. go B. going to C. go to
 
  41. ________ time flies!
 
  A. What B. How C. What a
 
  42. _________ a pity!
 
  A. How B. What C. How a
 
  43. Let’s ________ loudly in public.
 
  A. don’t talk B. no talking C. not talk
 
  44. ________ Mr Right is!
 
  A. How kind man B. What kind man C. What a kind man
 
  45. ____ from Beijing to London!
 
  A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is
 
  46. ____ nice picture you gave me!
 
  A. How B. What C. What a
 
  47. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
 
  A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what
 
  48. ____ ___ beautiful your new dress is!
 
  A. How B. What C. What a
 
  49. _ ___old bike Li Lei is riding!
 
  A. What a B. What an C. How
 
  50. _______I miss you!
 
  A. What B. How C. How do
 
  參考答案:
 
  1—5 C A A A A 6---10 B C B A B 11---15 C A C A A 16---20 B B A B B
 
  21---25 C A B B C 26---30 B B B A C 31---35 B B C B C 36---40 B B C B C
 
  41---45 B B C C C 46---50 C A A B B
 
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