2020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題詳解八

　　專題八 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

 

　　動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是中考英語(yǔ)的熱點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)之一。中考共考查八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法。

 

　　一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句中常含always，often，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等標(biāo)志詞。如： They come to school at seven every day. 他們每天7點(diǎn)鐘到學(xué)校。 My mother often does some washing after breakfast. 我媽媽常常吃完早餐后洗衣服。

 

　　2. 表示客觀事實(shí)和客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起，西方落下。 She said that lights run faster than sound. 她說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。

 

　　3. 如果主句用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，那么when，before，after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： As soon as I get there, I'll telephone you. 我一到那兒就打電話給你。 If I have time tomorrow, I'll go with you. 假如我明天有時(shí)間的話，我將同你一起去。 I'll tell you as soon as he comes back this afternoon. 今天下午他一回來(lái)我就告訴你。 注： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+v./v-s(-es)+其它”。謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)要借助動(dòng)詞do / does來(lái)幫助提問、否定、回答，幫助提問、否定時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞要還為原形。如： -Does he get up early every day?他每天起得早嗎? -Yes, he does. 是的。 Lucy doesn' t have lunch at school. Lucy不在學(xué)校吃中餐。

 

　　【拓展延伸】 “go，start，leave，come，begin，stop，want”等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如： They leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動(dòng)身去北京。

 

　　二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻或當(dāng)前這一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句中多有now，these days，Listen! Look!等提示詞�，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am/ is/are+v-ing”構(gòu)成。如： Look! The children are playing soccer on the playground. 瞧! 孩子們正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 We are having an English class now. 現(xiàn)在我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。

 

　　【拓展延伸】 (1)表位置移動(dòng)的詞如come，go，leave，start，fly，die等的進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)的意義。如：The bus is leaving now. 這輛公共汽車就要離開了。 We are coming here. 我們就來(lái)了。 (2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用時(shí)表示具有“贊嘆”或“厭煩”等感情色彩。如： He is always thinking more of others than himself. 他總是想著別人而不考慮自己。 He is always talking in class. 在課堂上他總是說(shuō)話。

 

　　三、一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它常與ago，last week，yesterday，just now等過去的時(shí)間連用。一般過去時(shí)構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式+……”。如：He used to make model ships last year. 他去年經(jīng)常制作輪船模型。 What did you say just now?你剛才說(shuō)什么? 注：謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)必須借助助動(dòng)詞did來(lái)幫助提問、否定、回答，幫助提問、否定時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞要用原形。如： -Did you pick the apples on the farm last October? 去年十月你們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)里摘了蘋果嗎? -No，we didn' t. 沒有。 We didn't pick the apples on the farm last October. 去年十月我們沒有在農(nóng)場(chǎng)摘過蘋果。

 

　　四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

 

　　一般將來(lái)肘表示將來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它常與tomorrow，next month，in two days，soon等將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用。一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+will/shall/be going to+動(dòng)詞原形……” 如：Will you come here in two days?兩天后你會(huì)來(lái)這里嗎? I'm not going to fly a kite this afternoon. 今天下午我不打算放風(fēng)箏。

 

　　【拓展延伸】 (1)be to do sth. 可表按計(jì)劃安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 如：These books are to come out. 這些書將出版了。 (2)Shall I(we)+動(dòng)詞原形……?表示“我(我們)……好嗎?”;Will you please +動(dòng)詞原形……?表示“你(你們)……好嗎?”。此時(shí)兩者均為詢問對(duì)方意見用語(yǔ)。 如：Will you please wake me up tomorrow?請(qǐng)你明天叫醒我好嗎? Shall I get some chalk?要我拿些粉筆來(lái)嗎?

 

　　五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響和結(jié)果，它常與already，yet，never，ever，just，before，once，recently等副詞連用。 如：Have you read the book yet?你看了那本書嗎? I've never been to Shanghai before. 我以前從來(lái)沒有去過上海。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與so far，ever since，how long，in the past/last two years，since…ago，“for +段時(shí)間”、“since十點(diǎn)時(shí)間”、“since +/從句(用一般過去時(shí))”等連用。如： I have known him for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他有三年了。 I’ve lived here since I was born. 自出生后，我就住在這里。 注：此種用法要求在肯定句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與時(shí)間段連用。如： We haven't heard from her for a long time. 我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有收到她的來(lái)信了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+have/has +過去分詞……”

 

　　六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與從句等特定的過去時(shí)間連用。其構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+was/were+v-ing…”。 如：They were watching TV at this time last night. 昨晚這個(gè)時(shí)候他們正在看電視。 He said he was having supper at six yesterday. 他說(shuō)他昨天6點(diǎn)鐘正在吃晚飯。

 

　　七、過去將來(lái)時(shí) 過去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。它常用在主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作比主句更后發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+would/was(were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形……”。 如：She told me she would go there tomorrow. 她告訴我她明天將去那里。 He said he was going to stay here. 他說(shuō)他打算呆在這里。 八、過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)常用在主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作比主句更前發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表“過去的過去”。其構(gòu)成為“主語(yǔ)+had +過去分詞……”。 如：How many songs have you learned by the end of last term?到上學(xué)期你們學(xué)會(huì)了多少首歌?When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.

 

　　當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了I heard he had lived there for five years.

 

　　我聽說(shuō)他住那五年了。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:

 

　　1. —What do you do?

 

　　—I’m an engineer. I _____ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much.

 

　　A. work B. had worked C. will work

 

　　2. —Is your father a doctor?

 

　　—Yes, he is. He__________ in Town Hospital.

 

　　A. has worked B. had worked C. works

 

　　3. Every year many foreigners _________to China to learn Chinese.

 

　　A. have come B. comes C. come

 

　　4.My mother will take me to the movie if she _________ free this weekend. A. is B. will be C. would be

 

　　5.The girls will have a trip if it _________fine.

 

　　A. is B. has been C. will be

 

　　6. —Where’s Susan, Mike? —She _________ in the kitchen.

 

　　A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking

 

　　7. —Have you got a job offer? —Not yet. I ___________.

 

　　A. waited B. am waiting C. wait

 

　　8. —Do you think John will help me move the piano?

 

　　—You’d better not ask him. He __________ a composition.

 

　　A. wrote B. writes C. is writing

 

　　9. —Where are the children, Mr Black?

 

　　—Oh, they _________ their PE lesson on the playground.

 

　　A. have B. had C. are having

 

　　10.They ________ about “Super Girls”. Let’s join them.

 

　　A. talk B. are talking C. have talked

 

　　11.—What are you doing, Cathy?

 

　　—I’m __________my cat. I can’t find it.

 

　　A. looking for B. looking at C. looking after

 

　　12.—Mary, could you help me? —Wait a moment. I _________.

 

　　A. read a book B. am cooking dinner C. was watching TV

 

　　13.—Listen，who _________ in the room? —Let’s go and see.

 

　　A. is crying B. crying C. cries

 

　　14.Don’t turn off the radio. I _______ to the news.

 

　　A. listen B. have listened C. am listening

 

　　15.—What’s the best food you’ve had in Beijing, Alex?

 

　　—Roasted duck! I _________to a famous restaurant to have it last week.

 

　　A. have gone B. go C. went

 

　　16.He went into his room, _______ the light and began to work.

 

　　A. has turned on B. turns on C. turned on

 

　　17. —What did you do after school yesterday?

 

　　—I _________basketball with my friends.

 

　　A. play B. played C. am playing

 

　　18.Yesterday, Tony’s family _________ a good time.

 

　　A. has B. have C. had

 

　　19. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______10 minutes ago.

 

　　A. left B. has left C. had left

 

　　20. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? —I ______well last night.

 

　　A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept

 

　　21.—What did the teacher say just now?

 

　　—He __________us not to play computer games all day.

 

　　A. tells B. told C. has told

 

　　22.—Where’s the cake I made this morning?

 

　　—We _______ it, mum. Can you make another one for us?

 

　　A. ate B. eat C. were eating

 

　　23.—Have you mended your shoes，Bob?

 

　　—Yes. I_________ them twenty minutes ago.

 

　　A. have mended B.mended C.had mended

 

　　24.—When _______________ for Hong Kong, do you know?

 

　　—I’m not sure. When he __________, I’ll let you know.

 

　　A. he leaves ;leaves B. he will leave; will leave C. will he leave; leaves

 

　　25.—Where will they go next Sunday? —They ___________ to the Great Wall.

 

　　A. will go B. go C. has gone

 

　　26.—Has he returned the library book yet? —Not yet. Don’t worry. He _________it soon.

 

　　A. returns B. has returned C. will return

 

　　27. I hear that he will be back ______ two weeks’ time.

 

　　A. after B. in C. for

 

　　28.He doesn’t tell me when he__________. I’ll call you up as soon as he __________.

 

　　A. will come, arrives B. comes, arrives C. will come, will arrive

 

　　29.If it_____________ tomorrow, we_______ travel outside.

 

　　A. will rain; will B. rains; won’t C. will rain; won’t

 

　　30.—Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes? —Sorry, Dad. I____________ to the shop.

 

　　A. go B. have been C. am going

 

　　31.— _________ the latest Time magazine ________yet?

 

　　—Sorry, it’s late. Maybe tomorrow.

 

　　A. Will; arrive B. Has; arrived C. Do; arrive

 

　　32.Susan isn’t here now. She ________ to England. She will come back next month.

 

　　A. goes B. has gone C. went

 

　　33.—How long ________Korean girl _________China?

 

　　—For four years. Now she can speak Chinese.

 

　　A. has; been to B. has; been in C. was; in

 

　　34.—Would you like to see the film with me? —I’m sorry I ________ it twice.

 

　　A. saw B. had see C. have seen

 

　　35. She__________ that same song so many times. I’m getting sick of it!

 

　　A. sings B. sang C. has sung

 

　　36.—___________you __________your dictionary?

 

　　—No, so I have to buy a new one today.

 

　　A. Did; find B. Have; found C. Had; found

 

　　37. I _________to Cape Town, so I know nothing about it.

 

　　A. don’t travel B. haven’t traveled C. hadn’t traveled

 

　　38.—______you ______the film Harry Potter 7? —Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.

 

　　A. Did; see B.Have; seen C. Do; see

 

　　39.I won’t forget my teacher because she_________ so kind to me since I came to this school. A. has been B. is C. has

 

　　40.In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown.

 

　　A. have been B. were C. are

 

　　41.—It’s raining! When did it start?

 

　　—I don’t know exactly. In fact, it __________all this afternoon.

 

　　A. lasts B. has lasted C. lasted

 

　　42.—Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?

 

　　—No, I won't. I__________ it already.

 

　　A.saw B.have seen C.see

 

　　43.—I didn’t see you when I came here last night. Where were you?

 

　　—I ___________ my project at home.

 

　　A. designed B. have designed C. was designing

 

　　44.My mother ____________ dinner when I came back.

 

　　A. cooks B.is cooking C. was cooking

 

　　45.— I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

 

　　—Oh.I'm sorry. I_____________ dinner at my friend’s home.

 

　　A. had B. was having C. have had

 

　　46.—What did the teacher say just now?

 

　　—Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I __________________something else.

 

　　A. think B. am thinking C. was thinking

 

　　47.—I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.

 

　　—I suppose you ___________too fast.

 

　　A. drove B. are driving C. were driving

 

　　48.When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she ______________ the piano.

 

　　A. is playing B. played C. was playing

 

　　49.His parents wanted to know what he __________ at that time.

 

　　A. is doing B. was doing C. has done

 

　　50.Mary___________ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert.

 

　　A. played B. plays C. playing

 

　　參考答案

 

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