現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
1.概念：
過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has + done
4.否定形式： have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問(wèn)句： 把have或has放于句首。
6.反義疑問(wèn)句： 直接用has /have 進(jìn)行反問(wèn)
7.注意：
1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的區(qū)別
have been to +地點(diǎn) 表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)人已返回。(once ,twice ….)
have gone to +地點(diǎn) 表示人已去了某地，人還未返回。(where is sb ?)
have been in +地點(diǎn) 表示在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(for…../ since …..)
2).與時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up
fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be
3).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四種句型：
A).主語(yǔ)+短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+ 時(shí)間+ago
B).主語(yǔ)+have/has +延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+for…./since …. ago .
C).It’s +時(shí)間段+since +短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
D).時(shí)間段+has passed +since +短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
His grandfather died two years ago .
His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years.
_____two years _____ his grandfather ____.
Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____.
4).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，他側(cè)重于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，若詢問(wèn)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體的時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has.
When ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon .
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