現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
1.概念:
過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語:
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu): have/has + done
4.否定形式: have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句: 把have或has放于句首。
6.反義疑問句: 直接用has /have 進(jìn)行反問
7.注意:
1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的區(qū)別
have been to +地點(diǎn) 表示曾經(jīng)去過某地,現(xiàn)人已返回。(once ,twice ….)
have gone to +地點(diǎn) 表示人已去了某地,人還未返回。(where is sb ?)
have been in +地點(diǎn) 表示在某地呆多長時(shí)間。(for…../ since …..)
2).與時(shí)間段連用時(shí),短暫性動詞應(yīng)改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。
Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up
fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be
3).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四種句型:
A).主語+短暫性動詞的過去式+ 時(shí)間+ago
B).主語+have/has +延續(xù)性動詞的過去分詞+for…./since …. ago .
C).It’s +時(shí)間段+since +短暫性動詞的過去式
D).時(shí)間段+has passed +since +短暫性動詞的過去式
His grandfather died two years ago .
His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years.
_____two years _____ his grandfather ____.
Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____.
4).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài),他側(cè)重于過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于表示過去的動作與現(xiàn)在無關(guān),若詢問該動作發(fā)生的具體的時(shí)間時(shí),只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has.
When ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon .
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