來源:網絡資源 作者:中考網整理 2019-08-05 19:30:03
(一)句子種類概述
句子按種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
(二)基礎知識梳理
1.陳述句
陳述句用來說明事實或表示說話人的看法。
1)陳述句的肯定形式。如:
We are students.
We must obey the traffic rules.
We clean the room every day.
2)陳述句的否定形式
把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況:
(1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情態(tài)動詞)后直接加not。如:
We aren't students.
You needn't hand in your homework today.
(2)在助動詞do,does,或did后加not,再把它們放在行為動詞前面,而行為動詞用原形。如:
We don't clean the room every day.
(3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出現(xiàn)no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如:
There are no books on the desk.
I can hardly answer your question.
Neither of the twins is a doctor.
2.疑問句
疑問句就是提出問題,讓對方作出回答。英語中有四種疑問句,即一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。
1)一般疑問句
用于詢問一個事實是否屬實,其回答通常是Yes或No。其結構為:
be,will,have,助動詞 主語 (主動詞)/賓語
如:Is she a university teacher?
Will it be windy tomorrow?
Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?
2)特殊疑問句
特殊疑問句對句中某一特定部分提問,以特殊疑問詞開頭根據實際情況,不必用Yes或No回答。常見的特殊疑問詞有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many 可數名詞復數,how much 不可數名詞,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其結構為:
疑問句 一般疑問句語句
如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?
What are you doing now?
How long have you lived here?
3)選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況,詢問對方選擇哪一種;卮饡r選擇一種,不必用Yes或No。
一般疑問句 A or B
如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup?
Do you often play basketball or play the piano?
特殊疑問句,A or B? 或A,B or C?
如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?
Which do you like better, the record or the ball?
4)反意疑問句
由兩部分組成,前半句為陳述句,后半句是一個附著在前半句上的簡短問句,回答時用Yes或No。它的構成和回答主要如下:
(1)肯定陳述句 否定附加疑問部分?#p#分頁標題#e#
如:They are interested in collecting stamps, aren't they?
一Yes,they are. 是的,他們對集郵感興趣的。
一No,they aren't. 不,他們對集郵不感興趣的。
(2)否定陳述句 肯定附加疑問部分?
如:Tom didn't pass the exam, did he?
一Yes,he did. 不,他通過考試。
一No,he didn't. 9是,他沒通過。
3.祈使句
祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。
1)祈使句的肯定結構
如:Come in,please.
Let me have a try.
Let's go to the cinema together.
2)祈使句的否定結構是在動詞前面加上don't,
如: Don't be late for school.
Don't walk on the grass.
4.感嘆句
1) 感嘆句表達說話人說話時的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。它常由what或how開頭或引導。
感嘆詞What 強調部分(名詞) 主語 動詞謂語
如:What a mess picture it is!
What an exciting film we saw yesterday!
2) 感嘆詞How 強調部分(形容詞或副詞) 主語 動詞謂語
如:How wonderful the film is!
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