來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2019-07-25 16:54:44
中考英語二輪知識(shí)點(diǎn)名詞講解 1、英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類: 1、專有名詞是個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。 專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。 如:Beijing,Tom,the People’s Republic of China(中華人民共和國(guó)) 專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城) 姓氏名如果采用 形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 2、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如:pupil,family,man,foot.
普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
▲可數(shù)名詞是可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如:box,child,orange; ▲不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如:water,news,oil,population,information. 3、英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。
1、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下:
①在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s。如:map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables. ②s,o,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es.如:class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches. [注]:少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加s。如:photo→photos,piano→pianos. ③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如:family→families,city→cities,party→parties. ④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives 2、不規(guī)則變 化:man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese
不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice,a piece of paper→three pieces of paper,a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
4、名詞所有格:
1、名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。 (1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)),my sister’s book(我姐姐的書 (2)以s或es結(jié)尾的 名詞。只在詞尾加’。如:Teachers’Day(教師節(jié)) (3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s.如: today’s newspaper(今天的報(bào)紙),ten minutes’break(十分鐘的課間休息), China’s population(中國(guó)的人口). (4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。 a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒). 2、[注解]: ①‘s還可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家),the doctor’s(診所) ②兩人共有某物時(shí),可以采用A and B’s的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom ③“of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱為雙重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s,a friend of mine 5、名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題: 1、謂語和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即:主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式:The computer was a great invention.The water in the glass is very cold. 2、集體名詞(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school,audience等)做句子主語時(shí), ①如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如:Class Three is a very good class. 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:Class Three have a map of China. 3、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:There is a sheep in the yard./There are some sheep in the yard 4、maths,news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù):The news is very exciting. 5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them. 6、a lot of后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.A lot of time was wasted on that work.(被動(dòng)句) 7、and連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí),謂語則用單數(shù)。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now./Fish and chips is very famous food. 8、there be句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)由靠近的名詞決定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room. 9、用both…and…連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow. 10、主語中含有with的短語時(shí),謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. 11、either…or…或者neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí),謂語采用就近原則。如:Either you or he is right./Neither you nor I am going there. 12、表示一段時(shí)間或 概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。如:Two months is not a short time.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離). 13、主語中含有half of…/(three quarters)of…/all(of)the….等詞語時(shí),謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English/A third of the students were playing near the lake.但是,population一詞又有特殊情況:What’s the population of China?/Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(句子用復(fù)數(shù))
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