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一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) |
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak? |
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action in the present taking place once, never or several times
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facts
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actions taking place one after another
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action set by a timetable or schedule
|
always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
if sentences type I ( If I talk , … ) |
|
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) |
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking? |
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action taking place in the moment of speaking
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action taking place only for a limited period of time
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action arranged for the future
|
at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now |
|
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) |
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak? |
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action in the past taking place once, never or several times
-
actions taking place one after another
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action taking place in the middle of another action
|
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II ( If I talked , … ) |
|
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) |
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking? |
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action going on at a certain time in the past
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actions taking place at the same time
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action in the past that is interrupted by another action
|
when, while, as long as |
|
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) |
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken? |
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putting emphasis on the result
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action that is still going on
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action that stopped recently
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finished action that has an influence on the present
-
action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
|
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now |
|
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking? |
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putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
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action that recently stopped or is still going on
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finished action that influenced the present
|
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week |
|
過(guò)去的完成時(shí) |
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken? |
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action taking place before a certain time in the past
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sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
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putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
|
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
if sentence type III ( If I had talked , … ) |
|
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking? |
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action taking place before a certain time in the past
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sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
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putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action
|
for, since, the whole day, |
