2018中考英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　 狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

 

　　一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn): 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，由以下連詞引導(dǎo)： when  while  as  after  before  as soon as  since  till /until  by the time 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，要注意時(shí)態(tài)一致。一般情況下主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

 

　　1.when當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(當(dāng))莫扎特的時(shí)候，開(kāi)始寫音樂(lè)作品。                         2.while當(dāng)。。。時(shí)  He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中參觀了許多地方。3.as在。。。的同時(shí)；一邊。。。一邊。。。                                               He smiled as he stood up.他一邊站起來(lái)一邊笑著。                                4.after在。。。之后                                                                He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前幾天做完作業(yè)之后回的家。                                                    5.before 在。。。之前                                                                 Mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生來(lái)這之前已經(jīng)在一家銀行里工作一年了。                                                   6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。                                                          We began to work as soon as we got there.我們一到那就開(kāi)始工作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就給你寫信。                                  7.since 自。。。以來(lái) 到現(xiàn)在表示自過(guò)去的一個(gè)起點(diǎn)時(shí)間到目前(說(shuō)話時(shí)間)為止的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。                  Mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago.自格林先生來(lái)中國(guó)以來(lái)，他就在這所學(xué)校教書。(還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語(yǔ)：since three years ago(自三年前以來(lái))表示。)                                  8 till /until都可以作連詞，連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。                                                         They walked till /until it was dark.他們一直走到天黑。Xiao ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回來(lái)才離開(kāi)家。9. by the time 到。。。為止 (所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時(shí))By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的時(shí)候，他爸爸已經(jīng)走了。By the time i got to school, the class had already began.我到校時(shí)，已經(jīng)開(kāi)始上課了。

 

　　難點(diǎn)——as when while的辨析as  when  while都表示主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，三者差異如下：表示“一邊。。。一邊＂的意思as 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對(duì)比時(shí) 用于發(fā)生時(shí)間較段時(shí)when 1、還可以表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主幾句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂發(fā)生。2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那個(gè)時(shí)候)while 1、用于時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對(duì)比時(shí)有時(shí)這三個(gè)連詞可以互換，有時(shí)不可以。It was raining hard when (as)I got there.我到那里時(shí)，正在下大雨。 ( 動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，when可換為as, 但不能換為while，因?yàn)間et是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞.) when I had read the article, he called me.我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。( 從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when )When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(當(dāng))我到了電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演了。(從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài))He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要離開(kāi)，忽然電話響了。( 此時(shí)不能放在句首。主句動(dòng)詞一般表達(dá) “正在” “即將”.while, as不能代替 ) 考點(diǎn)She thought i was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, i was talking about my daughter.他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實(shí)際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?表轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，when, as都不能代替它) 考點(diǎn)While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police. 外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，那女孩給警察打了電話。(表示主句，從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗�表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)考點(diǎn)Mother was worried because little alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾��?ài)麗絲病了，特別是他父親不在家的時(shí)候。(此時(shí)as ,when, while可通用)

 

　　知識(shí)擴(kuò)展

 

　　1. it is since從。。。以來(lái)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了(因?yàn)閟ince +從句或名詞，表示一段時(shí)間)It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)五年了�！�2. it is +before…(。。。才)　It was a long time before i went to sleep again.過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我才睡著。It was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.過(guò)了一個(gè)小時(shí)，警察才來(lái)。

 

　　二、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn)： 表示狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞if, unless (=if not) 引導(dǎo)。

 

　　1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.2.you will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績(jī).3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不馬上走,你將會(huì)遲到的.(=if you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).　He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.一般將來(lái)時(shí)， 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)　They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.一般將來(lái)時(shí), 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 考點(diǎn)

 

　　三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn): 由連詞because, since, as引導(dǎo), 也可由for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo)

 

　　1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天沒(méi)去上學(xué)，因?yàn)槲疑�病了�?. since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都來(lái)了, 讓我們開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)吧.3.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜.4.I asked her to stay to tea, for i had something to tell her.我請(qǐng)她留下來(lái)喝茶,因?yàn)槲矣惺乱�告訴她..難點(diǎn)——because , since , as , for,辨析                         在語(yǔ)氣上，because 最重, 表示的是直接理由,回答why 時(shí)只能用它. 其次是since, as ,一般不表示原因, 而是表明理由, 進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明.(譯為：由于，既然). for 被認(rèn)為是復(fù)合句的并列連詞(常用于推斷),表示理由.

 

　　四、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn): 由連詞where和復(fù)合關(guān)系詞wherever (=no matter where )引導(dǎo).

 

　　知識(shí)擴(kuò)展

 

　　1.where there is a will , there is a way.

 

　　有志者事竟成。(諺語(yǔ))

 

　　1 It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.

 

　　他將是一所混合式學(xué)校，那里的兒童并不都是殘疾。(在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中對(duì)限先行詞起限定作用。)

 

　　2.wherever you go , I go too.

 

　　無(wú)論你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)無(wú)論何處，多用于句首。

 

　　3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.

 

　　無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。(諺語(yǔ))

 

　　4. while she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.

 

　　疑問(wèn)副詞where后跟不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ). 考點(diǎn)

 

　　五、目的，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn)： 目的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞that, so that, so…that , in order that 引導(dǎo)。

 

　　結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導(dǎo)。1.so…that 如此…以至于The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科學(xué)家的報(bào)告很有啟發(fā)性，我們感到很興奮�！�He always studied so hard that he made great progress.　他總是那么努力，結(jié)果他取得了很大的進(jìn)步�！�2.so that 以至, 以便　I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)　　我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我�！�I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)　　我把窗戶打開(kāi)以使新鮮空氣可以進(jìn)來(lái)�！�3. such…that 如此。。。以至It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.　天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。　　4.in order that=so that:為了　　We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.　　不久我們將會(huì)讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的)

 

　　難點(diǎn)

 

　　+形容詞或副詞

 

　　+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

 

　　so +many 或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that

 

　　+much或 little+不可數(shù)名詞

 

　　lso that ,such…that 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，

 

　　當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。  (見(jiàn)例句 2, 5 )       so +adj./adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù),單數(shù),則必須在名詞前敬愛(ài)冠詞a(an). 常見(jiàn)的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. 　The weather is so nice that i’d like to take a walk. 　天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. 　Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.　　麥克是如此誠(chéng)實(shí)的一個(gè)人,以至于大家都相信他　　(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) 考點(diǎn)　　I’ve had so many falls that i’m black and blue all over.　我跌了很多跤，渾身數(shù)摔得清一塊紫一塊.　There are so few notebooks that i can’t give you any.　　筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你.　　It is such nice weather that i’d like to take a walk.　天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. 考點(diǎn)

 

　　六、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn): 表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo).

 

　　難點(diǎn)：

 

　　though, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用. although,(though)…but的格式是不對(duì)的.但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正確的.

 

　　lwrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

 

　　right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

 

　　雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂(lè).

 

　　lright : although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

 

　　right : although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

 

　　盡管我們已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.

 

　　although, though 辨析　although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)要用even though.　He is looking fit, though.　但是,他看上去很健康. 考點(diǎn)　Even though i didn’t under a word, i kept smiling.　盡管我一個(gè)字也不懂，我還是一直微笑著�！　�He is quite experienced, he is young, though.　盡管他很年輕，他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

 

　　七、比較狀語(yǔ)從句

 

　　要點(diǎn)：比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)的句子之中。

 

　　原級(jí)

 

　　1. as…as 和。。。一樣　jack is as tall as bob.　捷克和湯姆一樣高�！　�2. not so(as)…as …和不一樣　　she is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.　　她不如她姐姐外向�！　”容^級(jí)　　more…than (更)　　this book is more instructive than that one.　　這本書比那本書由教育意義。　　最高級(jí)　　1.the most…in/of　　this book is the most interesting of the three.　　這本書是三本中最有趣的。 　2. the + 形容詞+est…of/in　this road is the busiest street in our city. 　　這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。

 

　　知識(shí)擴(kuò)展　　lno more than只不過(guò)(嫌少的意思)　　i have no more than two pens.　我只有兩支筆。　it’s no more than a mile to the shops.　　去商店不過(guò)一英里�！　�lnot more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)　　jack is not more diligent than john.　捷克不如約翰勤奮。　　lone of the + 名詞(復(fù)數(shù))….之一(用于最高級(jí))　　han mei is one of the best students in our school. 　　韓梅是我們學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生之一。