初三英語上冊知識點(diǎn)：語法時(shí)態(tài)

　　語法：直接引語變間接引語。

　　直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，用來轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。例：

　　He said, "He will go to Beijing tomorrow." （直接引語）

　　He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.

　　直接引語變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及一些時(shí)間或個(gè)別詞都要做相應(yīng)的改變。

　　①時(shí)態(tài)：

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)   一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)   一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

　　* 但真理性的句子時(shí)態(tài)不變。例：

　　He said: "The sun rises in the east."

　　He said that the sun rises in the east.

　　他說太陽從東方升起。

　　②時(shí)間：

　　now→then, last month→the month before.

　　today→ that day, three days ago→three days before.

　　tonight→that night, tomorrow→the next day.

　　yesterday→the day before, the day after tomorrow→in two days.

　�、燮渌�變化：

　　this→that   these→those   here→there

　　come→go

　　句式的改變：

　　①直接引語是陳述句加"that"可以省去。例：

　　He said, "My sister was here three days ago."→

　　He said that his sister had been there three days before.

　　②直接引語是一般疑問句，變成用if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，人稱時(shí)態(tài)等作相應(yīng)改變。

　　Mother asked me, "Did you buy any meat for lunch?"→

　　Mother asked me if/whether I had bought some meat for lunch.

　　③直接引語是特殊問句，變成由原來疑問詞一樣的連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，時(shí)態(tài)人稱等作相應(yīng)改變。例：

　　"What do you do?" he asked me.

　　He asked me what I did.

　�、苤苯右�語是選擇問句變成由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

　　"Do you like English or Chinese?" He asked me.

　　He asked me whether I liked English or Chinese.

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