來(lái)源:西安中考網(wǎng) 作者:西安中考網(wǎng) 2012-08-13 18:16:52
一、形容詞:用來(lái)說(shuō)明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱(chēng)為形容詞。
1、形容詞的句法作用:作句子中名詞的定語(yǔ)、句子的表語(yǔ)以及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
2、形容詞在句子中的位置:
1)、在句子中的位置以及作用
、抛鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)時(shí)放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一個(gè)黃色的大木輪)
、谱鞅碚Z(yǔ)時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(這個(gè)價(jià)格聽(tīng)起來(lái)算是合理)
、亲髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)放在賓語(yǔ)之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)
、群笾玫那闆r:
、傩揎棌(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。如:Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)
、谂c表示“長(zhǎng)、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時(shí)形容詞后置。如:He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬(wàn)公里)
2) 、多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序:
代詞 |
數(shù)詞 |
性狀形容詞 |
||||||||
冠詞前的形容詞 |
冠詞 指示代詞 不定代詞 代詞所有格 |
序數(shù)詞 |
基數(shù)詞 |
性質(zhì) 狀態(tài) |
大小 長(zhǎng)短 形狀 |
新舊 溫度 |
顏色 |
國(guó)籍 產(chǎn)地 |
材料 質(zhì)地 |
名詞 |
all both such |
the a this another your |
second next |
one four |
good poor |
large short square |
new cool |
black yellow |
Chinese London |
silk stone |
二、副詞
1、副詞:用來(lái)說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說(shuō)明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。
2、副詞的分類(lèi)(見(jiàn)下表):
1 | 時(shí)間副詞 | soon, now, early, finally, once, recently |
2 | 地點(diǎn)副詞 | here, nearby, outside, upwards, above |
3 | 方式副詞 | hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really |
4 | 程度副詞 | almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather |
5 | 頻度副詞 | always, often, frequently, seldom, never |
6 | 疑問(wèn)副詞 | how, where, when, why |
7 | 連接副詞 | how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile |
8 | 關(guān)系副詞 | when, where, why |
3、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用:
(1)作狀語(yǔ)
1.時(shí)間副詞:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動(dòng)詞的前面。如:We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長(zhǎng)城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)英王國(guó)兩次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
2.地點(diǎn)副詞:一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如:There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬(wàn)的自行車(chē)朝各個(gè)方向流動(dòng)) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開(kāi)了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
3.方式副詞:一般放在行為動(dòng)之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動(dòng)詞之前。如:Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見(jiàn)了一絲亮光)
4.程度副詞:修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞之前;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的后面;only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如:I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯? / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車(chē)站趕上了首班車(chē))
5.頻度副詞:一般放在be動(dòng)詞之后或者助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如:Sometimes I get up early.(我有時(shí)起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次)
6.疑問(wèn)副詞:用于對(duì)句子的狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),位置總是在句首。如:When and where were you born?(你何時(shí)何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛(ài)迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!)
7.連接副詞:用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個(gè)問(wèn)題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)
8.關(guān)系副詞:用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如:This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請(qǐng)告訴我你的英語(yǔ)是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)
9.其它副詞:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在動(dòng)詞前;either “也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前;on/off“開(kāi)/關(guān)”放在動(dòng)詞之后;not放在be之后、助動(dòng)詞之后、不定式或動(dòng)名詞之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或動(dòng)詞之前。如:He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒(méi)有計(jì)算機(jī),我也沒(méi)有。)
(2)作表語(yǔ):
地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語(yǔ),放在be等連系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明人物所處的位置。如:I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)
(3)作定語(yǔ):
時(shí)間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點(diǎn)副詞都可以作名詞的定語(yǔ),放在名詞的后面。如:People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀(jì)20年代那兒的女人過(guò)著可怕的日子)
(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):
地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開(kāi)!它們?cè)谏l(fā)著臭氣。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))
[注意] “動(dòng)詞+副詞”的賓語(yǔ)如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如:He wrote down the word.(他寫(xiě)下了那個(gè)詞。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫(xiě)了下來(lái)。)
==形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律
a.一般的形容詞在結(jié)尾加ly變?yōu)楦痹~。例如:careful-carefully
b.以元音加e結(jié)尾的單詞要去e在加ly。例如:true-truly
c.輔音加y結(jié)尾的單詞去y變i在加ly。例如:angry-angrily
d.單音節(jié)y結(jié)尾直接加ly。例如:shy-shyly
e.以le結(jié)尾的單詞直接將e變?yōu)閥。例如:terrible-terribly
f.形容詞、副詞同形:hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。這部分請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意,其中很多單詞加ly之后就變成其他意思的單詞了。例如:hardly就變成“幾乎不”的意思,是小學(xué)階段五大隱形否定詞(few,little, never, seldom, hardly)之一。
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